Well, viveka seems to be an essential aspect(?) of kaivalya ("enlightenment";
lit. isolation?), apparently
the goal (or stuff) of yoga-suutra.
The pinnacle(?) of samaadhi, dharma-megha-samaadhi is defined by Patañjali
like this (IV 29):
प्रसंख्यानेऽप्यकुसीदस्य सर्वथा विवेकख्यातेर्धर्ममेघः समाधिः॥२९॥
prasaṁkhyāne-‘py-akusīdasya sarvathā vivekakhyāteḥ dharma-meghas-samādhiḥ ॥29॥
[HA]: When One Becomes Disintereested Even In Omniscience One Attains
Perpetual Discriminative Enlightenment From Which Ensues The Concentration
Known As Dharmamegha (Virtue-Pouring Cloud).
[IT]: In the case of one, who is able to maintain a constant state of Vairagya
even towards the most exalted state of enlightenment and to exercise the
highest kind of discrimination, follows Dharma-Megha-Samadhi.
[VH]: [BM]: [SS]: He who, due to his perfect discrimination, is totally
disinterested even in the highest rewards remains in the constant
discriminative discernment, which is called dharmamegha (cloud of dharma)
samadhi. [Note: The meaning of dharma includes virtue, justice, law, duty,
morality, religion, religious merit, and steadfast decree.]
[SP]: [28] He who remains undistracted even when he is in possession of all
the psychic powers, achieves, as the result of perfect discrimination, that
samadhi which is called the “cloud of virtue”.
[SV]: [VN 4.28] Even when arriving at the right discriminating knowledge of
the senses, he who gives up the fruits, unto him comes as the result of perfect
discrimination, the Samadhi called the cloud of virtue.
The word viveka-khyaati is "interesting"; literally it seems to mean
"knowledge of viveka":
khyAtif. `" declaration "' , opinion , view , idea , assertion BhP. xi , 16 ,
24 Sarvad. xv , 201 ; perception , knowledge Yogas.
Hmmm...sarvathaa seems to, in this context, mean something like exceedingly,
entirely:
sarvathA ind. in everyway , in evńevery respect , by all means (often joined
with %{sarvatra} and %{sarvadA} ; also with %{api} ; with na , in no case "' ,
`" not at all "') Mn. &c. &c. ; in whatever way , however MBh. R. RPra1t. ;
altogether , entirely , in the highest degree , exceedingly MBh. Ka1v. Hit. ;
at all times MW.
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Someone "having" viveka is called a vivekin.
So, dharma-megha-samaadhi seems to be based on "sarvathaa viveka-khyaati"
(-khyaater is ablative/genitive singular from khaati); perhaps we could
translate it very freely as "someone totally vivekin"?
