On Oct 5, 2004, at 7:04 AM, Robert Patterson wrote:

There are two forms of hand-muting on horns. The most common is "stopped" (English) or "gestopft" (German), for which the player tightly stops up the bell. The Italian (rarely seen, at least in the USA) is "chiuso". The most common French term is "bouch?", but sometimes one instead sees the term "cuivr?". Both are ambiguous unless accompanied by a plus symbol (unlike the terms in other languages, generally speaking).

Robert,

My understanding is the "cuivre" is the overblown, brassy effect that seems to rattle the metal of the horn. Am I wrong?

Chuck





Chuck Israels
230 North Garden Terrace
Bellingham, WA 98225-5836
phone (360) 671-3402
fax (360) 676-6055
www.chuckisraels.com

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