SORRY BRO, I GUESS I MAY BE SOUR ON THIS ONE. No Disrespect! "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime."
I guess you got my point! Finding information isn't so hard now days simply google it. "/usr/share/doc" Is the one of the best place to find the original manuals. while installing the package you you can install "package_name-doc". I'm improve the original document if you want, I GUESS THATS THE SPIRIT OF OPEN SOURCE!(correct me if I'm wrong) Don't try to re-invent the stuffs. If you really want physical book. the you got to buy it! If you don't you can follow up your distro's wiki pages. There are free e-books available for under "FREE TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY" under the title "GNU/Linux Basic operating system" and "GNU/Linux Advance Administration". On 13/03/12 18:09, Chandan Gupta wrote: > For Linux Beginners and those who want to master Linux Administration! > > System Admin Concepts in GNU/Linux > > source: > > http://linuxcandy.com/2012/03/introduction-to-system-admin-concepts-in-gnulinux.html > > Most of the GNU/Linux users may be knowing shell program. Infact > GNU/Linux Operating system has started it’s journey with command line > interface. Because of that some people even felt that GNU/Linux is only > for command line activities and not for visually attractive GUIs. FOSS > community around the globe has removed that misconception and a great > deal of improvement has made in terms of GUI (Graphical User Interface) > experience. Unlike proprietary world, > GNU/Linux offers several GUI options like GNOME, KDE, XFCE, etc. Based > on the hardware and software requirments, you can choose the appropriate > X Window System. XFCE is a light weight Interface while GNOME and KDE > are beautiful and rich GUIs. > > But even when GUI is there, the world of command line is predominant > among the System Administrators. There are many reasons for the > upperhand of CLI (command line interface) over GUI . The main reason is > the availability of hundreds of powerful commands in GNU/Linux. It is > not mandatory to learn all of these commands, but a knowledge on a basic > set of 30 to 50 commands will give lot of flexibility while using > GNU/Linux Operating System. A user should understand how to go through > documentations and use it with correct syntax for his/her needs. In this > series of > articles we will try to simplify the learning of CLI and its tools. > > If you are a user of one of the GNU/Linux flavoures, there will be an > option to open Terminal. In Ubuntu you can open it from Accessories. In > Fedora you can open it by right clicking on the desktop and choose > terminal. Just find out how to open terminal in your flavour. Go to the > different options in terminal and familiarize with it. You can change > the font, > background colour, open another terminal in the same window, etc. Once > you are done with these experiments, concentrate on your shell prompt. > Shell is a program between you and kernel. There are different types of > Shell Programmes like sh, bash, ksh, csh, zsh, etc.. Thanks to the > freedom of enhancement in Free Software. > > *So what is your Shell?* > > Shell is a programme running in the operating system, interfacing the > user. It accepts and interprets the commands and execute the same with > the help of Kernel. There are different ways to find out your shell. > Type any of the below commands and you can find your shell. > > 1) echo $SHELL > 2) echo $0 > > You can choose any shell which is available in your system by just > typing the shell name. Most of the shells support all basic commands. It > may have some difference in terms of formatting, history of commands, etc. > > When you opened the terminal it takes you to the home directory of your > user ID. > what is home directory ? And how will I find out where am I now? > > A user’s home directory is intended to contain that user’s files; > including text documents, music, pictures or videos, etc. It may also > include their configuration files of preferred settings for any software > they have used there and might have tailored to their liking: web > browser bookmarks, favorite desktop wallpape and themes, passwords to > any external services accessed via a given software, etc. The user can > install executable software in this directory, but it will only be > available to users with permission to this directory. The home directory > can be organized further with the use of sub-directories. > > Refer Wikipedia page > (https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Home_directory > <https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Home_d%20irectory>) for > more details. > > From shell how can we find out our present working directory? > > 1 ) pwd (print working directory/present working directory). > > Eg :- > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ pwd > /home/rs > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ > > If you are not in your home directory, just type “cd” (Change > Directory). This will take you to your home directory. Then once again > run “pwd”. Run the command “ls”. This will list all files and > directories in that directory. ls is one of the very useful commands in > a system administrators life. We will go to the nuances of this command > soon. > > Type “ls -l”. It is giving lot of details. The option “l” is called long > listing. Long listing is giving the permission, link count, user and > group owning the file or directory, size of the file, modified time of > the directory/file and name of the file or directory. > > From the above result how will we identify which all are directories and > files. ? > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ ls -l > total 3375300 > -rw-r–r– 1 rs rs 40 2011-09-16 17:47abc > -rw-r–r– 1 rs rs 239948 2011-06-26 13:58 bangalore_trivandrum.pdf > -rw-r–r– 1 rs rs 3455993856 2011-06-19 20:44 brasero.iso > drwxr-xr-x 3 rs rs 4096 2011-08-0718:39 Desktop > drwxr-xr-x 2 rs rs 4096 2011-04-02 11:28Documents > drwxr-xr-x 2 rs rs 4096 2011-09-18 13:40 Downloads > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ > > Whatever starting with “d” is called a directory and with “-” is called > a file. > > /*What is a directory and file?*/ > > In GNU/Linux everything is file, even a directory is a special file. > Even a printer attached to a Computer is considered as a file from the > Operating System perspective. > > /*What is a file?*/ > > File is something which holds some content, just like the real-life > files. In the computer world there are different type of files. Text > files, Binary Files, Directories, etc. Directory is a file, which holds > the information about the files and subdirectories under that. > > From the above example you can see that there are different Folders, > like Desktop, Documents, FSMK, etc. These Directory files will be > holding the information of the files and directories under that. We will > revisit this topic once we cover the concept of inode. Introducing > another command “file”. > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ file abc > abc: POSIXshell script text executable > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ file Desktop > Desktop: directory > > If we give an argument to the command “file”, it will analyse its type > and print to the standard output. I will wrap up the article for this > edition by introducing another command “man”. man command is the short > form of the word manual. It has abundant information about the commands, > tools and configuration files in GNU/Linux created by community members > across the globe. You can run the command “man man” and read about man. > To come out of the man page, just press “q” As an exercise run the > following commands, read through and find out different options of these > commands. > > 1) man ls > 2) man pwd > 3) man cd > > You might have noticed that the man page of cd is missing. . Let us find > out more details about this in the next edition.. > > > -- > FOSS Nepal mailing list: [email protected] > http://groups.google.com/group/foss-nepal > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected] > > Mailing List Guidelines: > http://wiki.fossnepal.org/index.php?title=Mailing_List_Guidelines > Community website: http://www.fossnepal.org/ -- FOSS Nepal mailing list: [email protected] http://groups.google.com/group/foss-nepal To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected] Mailing List Guidelines: http://wiki.fossnepal.org/index.php?title=Mailing_List_Guidelines Community website: http://www.fossnepal.org/
