It will be chaos if the everyone running in different direction I guess Ian Murdock saw that! and wrote Debian Manifesto!
On 13/03/12 20:08, Chandan Gupta wrote: > No Comments! > > On Tue, Mar 13, 2012 at 7:40 PM, rhoit <[email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: > > SORRY BRO, I GUESS I MAY BE SOUR ON THIS ONE. > No Disrespect! > > "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and > you feed him for a lifetime." > > good one! > > > I guess you got my point! Finding information isn't so hard now days > simply google it. > > "/usr/share/doc" > Is the one of the best place to find the original manuals. while > installing the package you you can install "package_name-doc". > > I'm improve the original document if you want, I GUESS THATS THE SPIRIT > OF OPEN SOURCE!(correct me if I'm wrong) > Don't try to re-invent the stuffs. > > well said. > > > If you really want physical book. the you got to buy it! > > If you don't you can follow up your distro's wiki pages. > There are free e-books available for under "FREE TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY" > under the title "GNU/Linux Basic operating system" and "GNU/Linux > Advance Administration". > > > > > > > On 13/03/12 18:09, Chandan Gupta wrote: > > For Linux Beginners and those who want to master Linux Administration! > > > > System Admin Concepts in GNU/Linux > > > > source: > > > > > > http://linuxcandy.com/2012/03/introduction-to-system-admin-concepts-in-gnulinux.html > > > > Most of the GNU/Linux users may be knowing shell program. Infact > > GNU/Linux Operating system has started it’s journey with command line > > interface. Because of that some people even felt that GNU/Linux is > only > > for command line activities and not for visually attractive GUIs. FOSS > > community around the globe has removed that misconception and a great > > deal of improvement has made in terms of GUI (Graphical User > Interface) > > experience. Unlike proprietary world, > > GNU/Linux offers several GUI options like GNOME, KDE, XFCE, etc. Based > > on the hardware and software requirments, you can choose the > appropriate > > X Window System. XFCE is a light weight Interface while GNOME and KDE > > are beautiful and rich GUIs. > > > > But even when GUI is there, the world of command line is predominant > > among the System Administrators. There are many reasons for the > > upperhand of CLI (command line interface) over GUI . The main > reason is > > the availability of hundreds of powerful commands in GNU/Linux. It is > > not mandatory to learn all of these commands, but a knowledge on a > basic > > set of 30 to 50 commands will give lot of flexibility while using > > GNU/Linux Operating System. A user should understand how to go through > > documentations and use it with correct syntax for his/her needs. > In this > > series of > > articles we will try to simplify the learning of CLI and its tools. > > > > If you are a user of one of the GNU/Linux flavoures, there will be an > > option to open Terminal. In Ubuntu you can open it from > Accessories. In > > Fedora you can open it by right clicking on the desktop and choose > > terminal. Just find out how to open terminal in your flavour. Go > to the > > different options in terminal and familiarize with it. You can change > > the font, > > background colour, open another terminal in the same window, etc. Once > > you are done with these experiments, concentrate on your shell prompt. > > Shell is a program between you and kernel. There are different > types of > > Shell Programmes like sh, bash, ksh, csh, zsh, etc.. Thanks to the > > freedom of enhancement in Free Software. > > > > *So what is your Shell?* > > > > Shell is a programme running in the operating system, interfacing the > > user. It accepts and interprets the commands and execute the same with > > the help of Kernel. There are different ways to find out your shell. > > Type any of the below commands and you can find your shell. > > > > 1) echo $SHELL > > 2) echo $0 > > > > You can choose any shell which is available in your system by just > > typing the shell name. Most of the shells support all basic > commands. It > > may have some difference in terms of formatting, history of > commands, etc. > > > > When you opened the terminal it takes you to the home directory of > your > > user ID. > > what is home directory ? And how will I find out where am I now? > > > > A user’s home directory is intended to contain that user’s files; > > including text documents, music, pictures or videos, etc. It may also > > include their configuration files of preferred settings for any > software > > they have used there and might have tailored to their liking: web > > browser bookmarks, favorite desktop wallpape and themes, passwords to > > any external services accessed via a given software, etc. The user can > > install executable software in this directory, but it will only be > > available to users with permission to this directory. The home > directory > > can be organized further with the use of sub-directories. > > > > Refer Wikipedia page > > (https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Home_directory > > > <https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Home_d%20irectory>) for > > more details. > > > > From shell how can we find out our present working directory? > > > > 1 ) pwd (print working directory/present working directory). > > > > Eg :- > > > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ pwd > > /home/rs > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ > > > > If you are not in your home directory, just type “cd” (Change > > Directory). This will take you to your home directory. Then once again > > run “pwd”. Run the command “ls”. This will list all files and > > directories in that directory. ls is one of the very useful > commands in > > a system administrators life. We will go to the nuances of this > command > > soon. > > > > Type “ls -l”. It is giving lot of details. The option “l” is > called long > > listing. Long listing is giving the permission, link count, user and > > group owning the file or directory, size of the file, modified time of > > the directory/file and name of the file or directory. > > > > From the above result how will we identify which all are > directories and > > files. ? > > > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ ls -l > > total 3375300 > > -rw-r–r– 1 rs rs 40 2011-09-16 17:47abc > > -rw-r–r– 1 rs rs 239948 2011-06-26 13:58 bangalore_trivandrum.pdf > > -rw-r–r– 1 rs rs 3455993856 2011-06-19 20:44 brasero.iso > > drwxr-xr-x 3 rs rs 4096 2011-08-0718:39 Desktop > > drwxr-xr-x 2 rs rs 4096 2011-04-02 11:28Documents > > drwxr-xr-x 2 rs rs 4096 2011-09-18 13:40 Downloads > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ > > > > Whatever starting with “d” is called a directory and with “-” is > called > > a file. > > > > /*What is a directory and file?*/ > > > > In GNU/Linux everything is file, even a directory is a special file. > > Even a printer attached to a Computer is considered as a file from the > > Operating System perspective. > > > > /*What is a file?*/ > > > > File is something which holds some content, just like the real-life > > files. In the computer world there are different type of files. Text > > files, Binary Files, Directories, etc. Directory is a file, which > holds > > the information about the files and subdirectories under that. > > > > From the above example you can see that there are different Folders, > > like Desktop, Documents, FSMK, etc. These Directory files will be > > holding the information of the files and directories under that. > We will > > revisit this topic once we cover the concept of inode. Introducing > > another command “file”. > > > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ file abc > > abc: POSIXshell script text executable > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ > > rs@rs-ThinkPad-T400:~$ file Desktop > > Desktop: directory > > > > If we give an argument to the command “file”, it will analyse its type > > and print to the standard output. I will wrap up the article for this > > edition by introducing another command “man”. man command is the short > > form of the word manual. It has abundant information about the > commands, > > tools and configuration files in GNU/Linux created by community > members > > across the globe. You can run the command “man man” and read about > man. > > To come out of the man page, just press “q” As an exercise run the > > following commands, read through and find out different options of > these > > commands. > > > > 1) man ls > > 2) man pwd > > 3) man cd > > > > You might have noticed that the man page of cd is missing. . Let > us find > > out more details about this in the next edition.. > > > > > > -- > > FOSS Nepal mailing list: [email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]> > > http://groups.google.com/group/foss-nepal > > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected] > <mailto:foss-nepal%[email protected]> > > > > Mailing List Guidelines: > > http://wiki.fossnepal.org/index.php?title=Mailing_List_Guidelines > > Community website: http://www.fossnepal.org/ > > -- > FOSS Nepal mailing list: [email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]> > http://groups.google.com/group/foss-nepal > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected] > <mailto:foss-nepal%[email protected]> > > Mailing List Guidelines: > http://wiki.fossnepal.org/index.php?title=Mailing_List_Guidelines > Community website: http://www.fossnepal.org/ > > > -- > FOSS Nepal mailing list: [email protected] > http://groups.google.com/group/foss-nepal > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected] > > Mailing List Guidelines: > http://wiki.fossnepal.org/index.php?title=Mailing_List_Guidelines > Community website: http://www.fossnepal.org/ -- FOSS Nepal mailing list: [email protected] http://groups.google.com/group/foss-nepal To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected] Mailing List Guidelines: http://wiki.fossnepal.org/index.php?title=Mailing_List_Guidelines Community website: http://www.fossnepal.org/
