Ray Harrel asks me what are the reasons for the continuing collapse of the
National Health Service in England (and the Education system as well for
that matter)?

This, briefly, is my answer:

1. The health services, which previously covered 100% of the population,
and paid for by 95%, should never have been nationalised in 1947;

2. The NHS should never have been a multi-layered pyramidal-shaped
organisation of the sort much favoured by the civil service (for the
obvious reasons of giving many career opportunities). This means that its
channels of communication become increasingly choked at higher levels
because they cannot cope with feedback information flowing from the
customer. It should have been lateralised a long time ago -- like all large
industries.

3. England has the wrong population size. The NHS (even as a nationalised
industry) would have been much more efficient in either a larger
semi-decentralised federalised state (such as America) or a smaller
centralised state (such as Sweden).

4. The Royal Colleges (of Physicians, etc, etc,) are protective practices
and still exercise control over entry -- social affability, family and
contacts being more important than brains. (Anecdote: my ex-brother-in-law,
a PhD in particle physics from Oxford, once told me that the medical
faculty was the least intelligent of any at Oxford. That was 40 years ago
but I doubt it's changed.) (Another anecdote -- this time a present-day
one. The doctor who blew the whistle over the death-rate of children at a
Bristol hospital three years ago (three times higher than any other
hospital because of two incompetent surgeons) lost his job was effectively
drummed out of the country by one of the Royal Colleges. He is now a
Professor in Australia.) 

5. Ordinary Doctors and Nurses (as opposed to Consultants) are treated with
something close to contempt  by (a) the senior managements of the health
service, (b) the Department of Health, (c) the Royal Colleges. This is why
a quarter of doctors and nurses don't complete their courses and why a
further quarter leave within two years of qualifying. 

Alan Milburn, the Health Minister has now got to move very fast now in
order to prevent the complete collapse of morale in, and operations of, the
NHS in the coming years. He is obviously doing so with respect to sending
patients to other countries for necessary operations.*  Whether he can
decentralise the NHS sufficiently quickly and genuinely motivate doctors
and nurses is entirely another matter.

*This also contains the seeds for further explosions of public opinion in
England. For the first time, we are seeing on our TV screens the
superlative standards of the typical wards and operating theatres in
France, Germany and Spain, besides which our own hospitals seem like rabbit
warrens, and dingy, dirty ones at that -- with antibiotic-resistant bugs
resident in every single hospital in the country. 

----

In short Ray, the problems of the NHS have been growing apace for 20/30
years and it's only been ideological pig-headedness which has resisted any
substantive reform.

Keith 
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�Writers used to write because they had something to say; now they write in
order to discover if they have something to say.� John D. Barrow
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Keith Hudson, Bath, England;  e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
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