In answer to Mark Ludlow's question, Where does the rest of the "trash" go?
That would probably be "up the stack" ~ i.e. == air emissions ??
In answer to John Miedema's question about "chlorides involved in the
trash" and a possible dioxin problem?
Again, you might, depending on the TEMPS involved in the process.
You might expect that one good way to avoid Dioxins is to avoid
burning chlorinated plastics, i.e. PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), Chlorinated
polyethylene (CPE), Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) etc.
Yes, most dioxins arise in the condensed solid phase by the reaction
of inorganic chlorides with graphitic structures in char-containing ash
particles, with copper acting as a catalyst for these reactions,
therefore the highest dioxin concentration is typically created by the
/*pyrolysis*/ of PVC.
Large *incinerators* have mostly worked this out, however. The Japanese
[and German] tech is rather good at dealing with these things.
I don't know what kind of "air emissions" controls have been put on this
particular system, if any.
The single most important factor in forming dioxin-like compounds is
the temperature of the combustion gases. Oxygen concentration also plays
a major role on dioxin formation, but *not* the chlorine content.
Several studies have shown that removing PVC from waste would _not_
significantly reduce the quantity of dioxins emitted.**
The design of modern incinerators minimize dioxins by optimizing the
*stability of the thermal process*. The EU emission limit is 0.1 ng
I-TEQ/m3. Modern incinerators not only operate in conditions that
minimize dioxin formation, but are also equipped with *pollution control
devices* which catch the low amounts produced.
** The European Union Commission published in July 2000 a Green Paper on
the Environmental Issues of PVC noted that, "there does not seem to be a
direct quantitative relationship between chlorine content and dioxin
formation".
Similarly, another study commissioned by the European Commission on
"/Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials/"
states that "Recent studies show that the presence of PVC has _no
significant effect_ on the amount of dioxins released through
incineration of plastic waste."
Regards,
Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist
Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)
www.biochar-consulting.ca
48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada
905-707-8754
CELL: 647-886-8754
Skype: lloyd.helferty
Steering Committee coordinator
Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)
President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario
National Office, Canadian Carbon Farming Initiative (CCFI)
Partner of Toronto Urban Ag Summit www.urbanagsummit.org
Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475
Advisory Committee Member, IBI
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675
http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario
http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/
http://www.biocharontario.ca
www.biochar.ca
"It is the path, more than the arrival at the destination, that is important"
- Gandhi
On 2012-11-10 12:36 PM, John Miedema wrote:
I am curious about the chlorides involved in the trash (plastics)?
Would not there be a dioxin problem?
**John Miedema****__**
BioLogical Carbon, LLC
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*From:*Gasification
[mailto:[email protected]] *On Behalf Of
*Mark Ludlow
*Sent:* Saturday, November 10, 2012 2:24 AM
*To:* 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'
*Subject:* Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash
project
Where does the rest of the "trash" go? Just, "Somewhere"? RE:
Conservation of Mass.
Mark
*From:*Gasification
[mailto:[email protected]] *On Behalf Of
*Terry & Susan Layman
*Sent:* Friday, November 09, 2012 4:08 PM
*To:* [email protected]
*Subject:* Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash
project
The Swedish are probably using the same system the Japanese invented.
Leave it to the Japanese to perfect a system, that virtually elimanates
trash. Each day Iwamoto's "Super Stone Clean Waste Treatment''
<http://superstoneclean.com/waste-treatment-solutions/>processors
can take a 20 ton pile of common garbage, and reduce it to less than 8
gallons
of what they call biochar.
Just watch their video. then you can see first hand the machine and
the process.
I, wouldn't classify it as BioChar, but it looks to me like ashes.
Reduces waste volume from 1/100th to 1/3000th of original input:
1,000kg waste ?300g ashes **( 2,200 lbs waste to 10.58 oz's ashes )**
This is probably the most advanced system for Gasification.
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