Marc Feeley, the author of the Gambit Scheme compiler and interpreter, has measured the time to "make" the current version of Gambit, and then to run an application in the Gambit interpreter, for every release of gcc since gcc-2.95.
For each version of gcc, Feeley built Gambit in each of two ways: with each Scheme function compiled to its own C function (--enable-multiple-hosts), and with all the Scheme functions in a file combined into a single C function (--enable-single-host). The latter version increases compile time, and typically doubles the speed of execution of the compiled code. Feeley also compiled Gambit with each of -O1 or -O2. Perhaps some of you may be interested in the results, which can be found here: https://mercure.iro.umontreal.ca/pipermail/gambit-list/2012-April/005936.html Brad Lucier