*Perhaps it's just a Joke , but otherwise it's simply True * *There is some quuestion that can' t be answered by GOOGLE ... , but then Ask CIA - and They will tell you evrything to help You to know everythin what you didn' t , don't and never knew before............*... ____________________________________________________________________________ On 11 November 2016 at 10:42, 'Sunny' [email protected] [GELORA45] < [email protected]> wrote:
> > > http://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/population/item67 > > [image: Indonesia-investments] > > > With a population totaling around 255 million individuals, Indonesia is > the fourth-largest country with regard to population sizes. Its ethnic > composition is characterized by variety, in fact wide variety, as the > country contains hundreds of different ethnic groups and cultures. However, > more than half of the population can be classified as belonging to two main > ethnic groups. This section zooms in on the people of Indonesia. > > These two groups are the Javanese (41 percent of the total population) and > Sundanese (15 percent of the total population). Both groups originate from > the island of Java, Indonesia's most populous island, which contains almost > sixty percent of the country's total population. When the island of Sumatra > is included, this figure rises to approximately eighty percent of > Indonesia's total population, indicating a significant population > concentration in the western part of the country. The most populous > province is West Java (with more than 43 million people), while the least > populous province is that of West Papua in the far eastern region of > Indonesia (home to around 761,000 people). > > Indonesia's national motto "unity in diversity" (*Bhinneka Tunggal Ika*) > reflects the multitude of ethnic, cultural and linguistic varieties that > can be found within the boundaries of a nation state that is the world's > largest archipelago. Indeed, when you imagine an animist Papuan (in the far > east of Indonesia) meeting a Muslim from Aceh (in the far west) there are > more differences - in terms of religion, clothes, lifestyle, tradition, > native language, etc. - between both persons than there are similarities. > > *Map of Indonesia* > > This diverse cultural makeup of Indonesia is the result of a long process > of colonization initiated by the Dutch. In a time-span of about three > centuries this small European nation managed to (gradually) expand its > political power in the Archipelago - conquering the various indigenous > kingdoms - until the present-day boundaries were established. > > On the one hand, cultural diversity is a blessing for Southeast Asia's > largest economy. Each culture offers something interesting and this is what > attracts millions of foreign tourists to Indonesia every year (hence > tourism is an important foreign exchange earner). For example, cultural > relics such as the Borobudur and Prambanan in Central Java and Yogyakarta > but also contemporary culture such as Balinese Hinduism are reasons to > book a ticket to Indonesia. On the other hand, having a multitude of > different beliefs (religions), traditions, ethnics and cultures also > implies having difficulties in terms of governance. In fact, on various > occasions there have been violent clashes between different groups within > Indonesia that had their roots in ethnic or religious differences, events > that undermined Indonesia's national motto. > > There also exists a high degree of inequality in Indonesia and this has > also fed negative sentiments among part of the Indonesian population. For > example, income distribution inequality (reflected by a high - and rising > - Gini ratio) but among the so-called "Outer Regions" there also exists a > feeling of resentment toward the dominating political and economic position > of Java (Jakarta in particular). These emotions were reason why the > Indonesian government was forced to usher in the era of decentralization > in the post-Suharto period. > > *Five Most Populous Provinces of Indonesia (in millions)* > *Province* > *Population 2000* > > *Population 2010* > West Java 35.8 43.1 > East Java 34.8 37.5 > Central Java 31.2 32.4 > North Sumatra 11.6 13.0 > Banten (Java) 8.1 10.6 > *Indonesia* * 206.3* * 237.6* > > > *Sources: Statistics Indonesia Population Census 2000 & 2010* > > This section discusses a number of important aspects regarding Indonesia's > demographic composition. Topics that are discussed include Indonesia's > population growth, age structure and urbanization. Each of these topics is > linked to Indonesia's economic growth potential. > > *Indonesia's Population Growth* > > The annual national population growth rate of Indonesia between 2000 and > 2010 stood at an average of 1.49 percent. This growth was highest in the > province of Papua (5.46 percent) and lowest in Central Java (0.37 percent). > Family planning in Indonesia is coordinated by the National Family Planning > Coordinating Board (NFPCB), a government institution. Under president > Suharto an effective family planning program was initiated in 1968 and - up > to the present - continued by his successors. This program is a key > strategy with regard to the country's economic development as a low > population growth rate translates into a higher per capita gross domestic > product (GDP) which translates into higher incomes, higher savings, > higher investments and implies a fall in the poverty rate among the > population. The national population growth rate was 1.2 percent in 2015 > according to data from the World Bank. > > *Annual Population Growth Rate Indonesia* > > Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), the government's statistics agency only > conducts thorough studies on the Indonesian population size once every > decade. According to the latest study (2010) Indonesia had a total > population of 237.6 million people. However, according to recent estimates > (from various institutions) Indonesia is estimated to have more than 255 > million inhabitants in 2016. > > The United Nations (UN) earlier stated that the population of Indonesia is > estimated to exceed 270 million by 2025, exceed 285 million by 2035 and > exceed 290 million by 2045. After 2050 the UN expects that the size of the > Indonesian population starts to decline. > > *Population of Indonesia* > > The UN also projects that by 2050 two thirds of Indonesia’s population > will live in urban areas. Over the last forty years the country has > experienced a process of rapid urbanization, resulting in the current > situation in which over half of Indonesia's total population resides in > urban areas (see table below). For the economy this constitutes a positive > development as urbanization and industrialization are necessary to grow > into the ranks of a middle income country. > > The biggest cities of Indonesia are found on the island of Java. Here we > find the capital city of Jakarta that had more than 10 million inhabitants > according to the latest official census (2011 data). The unofficial figure > is probably much higher. Moreover, every morning a huge amount of workers > travel from the satellite cities toward Jakarta to do their jobs. In the > afternoon or evening they travel back to the satellite cities around > Jakarta. This massive daily inflow and outflow of people causes severe > traffic congestion in Jakarta. > > After Jakarta, the biggest cities in Indonesia are Surabaya (East Java), > Bandung (West Java), Bekasi (West Java), and Medan (North Sumatra). > > *Rural and Urban Population of Indonesia* > *1995* *2000* *2005* *2010* *2050* > *Rural Population* > (% of total population) 64 58 52 46 33¹ > *Urban Population* > (% of total population) 36 42 48 54 67¹ > > *¹ *indicates UN forecast > *Source: World Bank* > > *Age Structure of Indonesia* > > One important strength of Indonesia's demographic composition in relation > to its economy is that the country has a young population. This young > population implies a - potentially - large workforce (thus making it of > vital importance that this workforce can be educated to obtain higher > skills and can be absorbed by employment opportunities). Indonesia's > total median age is 28.6 years (2016 estimate). This indicates that one > half of the population is older than 28.6 years, while the other half is > younger than this figure. When divided in sexes the female median age is > one year older (29.1 years) as compared to the male counterpart (28.1 > years). > > Below we present a table that indicates the percentage shares of the > Indonesian people categorized in three age groups and the corresponding > division in sexes (in absolute numbers) > > *Indonesian Population by Sex and Age Group* > > *% of total population* * Male* > (absolute) * Female* > (absolute) > *0-14 years* 27.3 34,165,213 32,978,841 > *15-64 years* 66.5 82,104,636 81,263,055 > *65 years and over* 6.1 6,654,695 8,446,603 > > > *Source: CIA World Factbook* > > In 2010 around 19 percent of the Indonesian population was below ten years > of age, around 37 percent was below twenty years of age, and around half of > the population was below thirty years of age. Such numbers indicate that - > from a demographic perspective - there is great potential for both > productivity and creativity in Indonesia. > > *Demographics and Economic Waves* > > > *General Outline* > > A temper in population growth caused by decreases in fertility (which can > be caused by matters such as better access to birth control, rising > incomes, urbanization and higher levels of education for women) helps to > stimulate a significant shift in the age distribution of the population > towards those of the working age (but at a later stage decreases in > mortality and fertility will cause an aging population). This shift is able > to accelerate economic growth as the working age population increases while > the (relative) number of dependent children declines. > > This process can be thought of as constituting a series of waves. The > first wave begins when this working age population is employed which > results in increased production. Employment also implies higher incomes and > consequently causes households to consume more products. Households might > also save more due to the reduced number of child dependents which > subsequently leads to increased investment, as well as rising capital stock > and further increases in economic production. > > The second demographic wave occurs when large portions of the population > approach the end of their working lives and commence to save and invest for > their retirement. Thus, the resulting increased capital accumulation may > help to drive economic growth further. After this stage concern about the > economy can arise because of stagnating population growth and an aging > population. > > *The Indonesian Case* > > Currently Indonesia is positioned somewhere in the middle stage of that > first wave. Both child mortality and fertility are declining quickly and > the working age population is growing at a relatively fast rate while the > total population is growing at a relatively slow rate. This has resulted in > a large population group (around half of the total population, thus 125 > million Indonesians) that is below the age of thirty years old, which > -potentially- is productive and therefore can function as the engine of the > national economy. > > Domestic consumption is a huge source of Indonesia's continuously strong GDP > growth performance as household consumption accounts for more than 55 > percent of total economic growth. The country's reliance on domestic > consumption was actually one of the reasons why Indonesia weathered the > global financial crisis of 2008-2009 relatively smooth with an average GDP > growth of 5.6 percent in the years 2008-2010. Moreover, solid economic > growth has resulted in an influx of Indonesians into the country's middle > class. Annually, around seven million Indonesians join the ranks of this > middle class according to a World Bank report released in 2012. However, > after 2013 the depreciating rupiah (versus the US dollar) and higher > interest rates (as well as low commodity prices amid sluggish global > economic growth) have managed to somewhat undermine the strength of > Indonesia's consumer force. > > A critical note, however, is that there are currently millions of > (educated) unemployed Indonesians who cannot be absorbed by the Indonesian > labor market. In fact, one characteristic of Indonesia is that the > unemployment rate is highest for people between the age of 15 and 24, far > above the country's national average. For a detailed overview of > unemployment in Indonesia, visit our unemployment section. > > *Largest Ethnic Groups in Indonesia* > *Group* *% of total* > *Population* > Javanese 42.65 > Sundanese 15.41 > Malay 3.45 > Madurese 3.37 > Batak 3.02 > Minangkabau 2.72 > Betawi 2.51 > Bugis 2.49 > Bantenese 2.05 > Banjarese 1.74 > > > *Source: Statistics Indonesia Population Census 2010* > > *Religions of Indonesia* > > In terms of religion, Indonesia contains a clear Muslim-majority. > Approximately 87.2 percent of the total Indonesian population - or 207.2 > million individuals in absolute numbers - is Muslim. However, Indonesia is > not an Islamic nation (only in the special region of Aceh on the northern > tip of Sumatra Islamic Sharia law is being applied). But despite being a > secular democracy, principles based on Islamic doctrine do play a large > role in the politics, the economy and society of Indonesia. For example, if > a restaurant serves *halal* food (food prepared in line with Islamic > principles) it should see more customers and therefore most restaurants > will put it on the menu. Another example is that it is very hard to imagine > Indonesia having a non-Muslim president. > > There are also some 16.5 million Protestants (6.9 percent of the total > population), 6.9 million Catholics (2.9 percent of the population), and 4 > million Hindus (1.7 percent) living in Indonesia. Lastly, there exist small > minorities of Buddhists as well as those who practice Confucianism, mostly > members of the ethnic Chinese community. > > Contrary to the West, for many Indonesians religion still plays an > important role in every-day life and therefore is a big part of their > identity. For more information on this topic, visit our Religions of > Indonesia section. > > *Further Reading:* > > *•* How to Act Indonesian? > *•* Indonesia's Business Culture > > >
