Alvia,

Point one is semantics.  Crop residue carbon sequestration is clear enough in 
my opinion.

2.  We did not analyze the costs of cellulosic ethanol with or without CO2 
capture.  We did use Aden et al's analysis to calculate the carbon balance of a 
cellulosic ethanol plant.  Most of the carbon dioxide emitted from cellulosic 
ethanol is not emitted at the auto tailpipe, rather it  is emitted from the 
production facility, because fermentation is not very efficient and lignin etc 
is burnt to provide the energy for distillation of the ethanol.  Approximately 
65% of the total carbon emitted from the production and use of cellulosic 
ethanol is emitted from the production facility, so that fraction could be 
captured, albeit with greater complexity and cost.

3.  You are correct, large scale crop residue sequestration in the deep ocean 
cannot compete in the present carbon market.  But the present carbon market is 
flawed in many ways that make it largely ineffective for dealing with the 
enormity of the crisis.  It is vulnerable to cheating and regulations on carbon 
emissions are too lax.  Most importantly the present market does not place an 
appropriate premium on permanence.  A carbon market probably could be made to 
work effectively, but only after major reform that would result in increased 
carbon prices.

4.  The saturation and SG of bales of crop residue is one of the uncertainties 
in our analysis.  The off line discussions you have publicized were very 
preliminary.  I hope that we can do some formal experiments soon, but this work 
is unfunded so resources are scarce.

As to your conclusion, it seems to assume that sequestration has to be done at 
less than 33 euro per t CO2, the 2006 maximum carbon price.  I would argue that 
permanent removal of CO2 from the atmosphere is worth more than that, as will 
become apparent as the situation worsens.  Our paper argues that options for 
permanently removing carbon from the atmosphere are limited and flawed, and 
that crop residue sequestration in the deep ocean is the least problematic and 
could be done right away.

  = Stuart =

Stuart E. Strand
167 Wilcox Hall, Box 352700, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
voice 206-543-5350, fax 206-685-3836
http://faculty.washington.edu/sstrand/



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