Dear Ken,

Like most of the others, I'm not much worried about whether or not
geoengineering is "fundamentally new" in some technical sense.
However, I would say that, much as we may love them, it is hard to
argue that Aristotle, Hume, Kant, et al., have "already considered"
the issues, if this is supposed to mean that they have *adequately
addressed* the relevant questions.  In my view, climate change brings
together a large number of theoretical questions that we are not
currently well equipped to handle - in areas such as global justice,
intergenerational ethics, humanity's relationship to nature,
scientific uncertainty, contingent persons, etc.  Some sign of this
comes with the difficulties faced by standard theories such as
economic CBA, utilitarianism, contractarianism, and so on.  So, there
is lots of work to do.

In general, my view is that there is an exciting emerging literature
on these matters.  The Montana bibliography is a very useful
resource.  Some of my own position is outlined in my recent book, A
Perfect Moral Storm: The Ethical Challenge of Climate Change (Oxford,
2011), which includes a chapter on geoengineering.  I've also written
on the values of the Royal Society report on geoengineering, on Dale
Jamieson's classic piece about whether climate change challenges our
ethical concepts (my 'Is No One Responsible for Global Environmental
Tragedy?'), and on whether Rawls has the theoretical resources to deal
with climate change.  These papers (and others) are available at:
http://www.phil.washington.edu/POV/GardinerFormalPublicationList.htm
I'd also recommend Allen Thompson and Jeremy Bendik-Keymer's new MIT
collection on the ethics of adaptation (including material on
ecological restoration and on geoengineering).

Best wishes,

Steve

Stephen Gardiner
Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of the Human Dimensions of the
Environment
University of Washington, Seattle

(Currently Visiting Fellow at the Smith School of Enterprise and the
Environment, Oxford University)

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