Ken,
I concur that massive storage is essential. Again, we might want to direct our attentions to the capacity of the oceans for increasing biomass throughout the food web. One might postulate the current ocean fishery-biomass is considerably reduced from that existing around 1700. Imposition and diligent enforcement of globally-restrictive, reduced (or curtailed) catch limits over 5 to 10 years may be essential to achieve a two-fold increase in the standing crop biomass. Laying the oceans fallow in a regulated cycle for a period of time will have short term impacts on the availability of harvested protein, which will be offset by a significant, sustainable increase. Dissolved carbon will be transferred to the ocean biomass and move into the terrestrial biomass quickly (20-40 years). A target of a five-fold increase of the existing ocean biomass should be achievable. Bruce From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Ken Caldeira Sent: Monday, November 18, 2013 5:59 PM To: geoengineering; Ronal Larson Subject: [geo] biochar as CDR and related nomenclature issues: CDRS = CDR + S (carbon dioxide removal + storage) Folks, The question about whether biochar is a CDR technique and therefore "geoengineering" raises some interesting issues. Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) techniques involves to processes that are in principle separable: 1. Carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere (or oceans) 2. Storage of that carbon in a long-lived pool. Carbon can be removed from the atmosphere using biological strategies (e.g., land plants, phytoplankton) or chemical strategies (e.g., direct air capture, accelerated chemical weathering). Carbon so removed must then be stored in a long-lived reservoir. Carbon can be stored in a reduced form (e.g., biochar, living forests) or in an oxidized form (e.g., CO2 injected in geologic reservoirs, Fe-fertilized biomass that has oxided into dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep ocean). Carbon stored in an oxidized form can be largely in the form of molecular CO2 (perhaps dissolved) or can be part of another compound such as CaCO3 (perhaps dissolved). What makes something CDR approach is a system property (i.e., air capture that vents back to the atmosphere is not a CDR approach; geologic CO2 storage without air capture is not a CDR approach; but put the two together and you have a CDR approach). On this taxonomy, I would consider biochar as a way of storing reduced carbon for long periods of time. Under this interpretation, biochar could be part of a CDR system, but as a process in-and-of-itself, biochar is an approach for carbon storage. Biochar does no carbon dioxide removal, so cannot itseld be a CDR technique. Therefore, it may make sense to talk about biochar as a carbon dioxide storage approach. As part of a system of biological carbon capture by land plants and storage using biochar, biochar can be part of a CDR system, but biochar itself is not a CDR system. Maybe we should be talking about CDRS (Carbon Dioxide Removal and Storage) instead of CDR. We should then specifiy both the Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) approach and the Storage (S) approach. Biochar is an S approach, not a CDR approach. Best, Ken _______________ Ken Caldeira Carnegie Institution for Science Dept of Global Ecology 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA +1 650 704 7212 [email protected] http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
