Anyone interested in some history here might like to look up:- John von Neumann, Collected Works, Volume VI, Macmillan, New York, 1963, pages 499-525. Herman Hoerlin, United States high altitude test experiences, Technical Report LA-6405, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 1976. Page 35 especially, has remarks about affecting weather and climate by injecting condensation nuclei in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
Sidney Chapman, no less, said in 1934 in his presidential address to the Royal Meteorological Society that if UV astronomers wanted to make a hole in the ozone layer they would need to deploy a catalytic agent. I remember Michael McElroy speculating about a “bromine bomb” to destroy the ozone layer above an enemy’s territory, some time around 1975-6. As far as I know though, he had no connection to the intelligence agencies. As was recognised as long ago as 1958, atmospheric motions and turbulence would rapidly degrade any hole made by weapon bursts. Adrian Tuck 'ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE: A Molecular Dynamics Perspective'. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-923653-4. http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199236534 *************************************************** On 15 Feb 2015, at 20:49, Alan Robock <[email protected]> wrote: > Dear Greg, > > Yes, those are the questions. And I would like to know how much money each > agency put into the report. There should be a public record of that. > > With respect to Ken's claims: > > 1. There is absolutely no evidence that any US intelligence agency has any > interest in climate intervention for anything other than defense-related > informational purposes. > > Why would you expect there to be evidence? It's the CIA. > > 2. Furthermore, there is no plausible scenario in which climate intervention > could be used effectively as a weapon. > > I agree that it would be hard to target, given what we know now. But if > cooling the planet gives agriculture in my country an advantage over > agriculture in your country, there might be pressures to proceed. Anyway, as > the research goes on, it might be clearer how to weaponize control of > climate. Is that a motivation for supporting research? > > Alan > > Alan Robock, Distinguished Professor > Editor, Reviews of Geophysics > Director, Meteorology Undergraduate Program > Department of Environmental Sciences Phone: +1-848-932-5751 > Rutgers University Fax: +1-732-932-8644 > 14 College Farm Road E-mail: [email protected] > New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551 USA http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock > http://twitter.com/AlanRobock > Watch my 18 min TEDx talk at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsrEk1oZ-54 > On 2/15/15, 12:38 PM, Greg Rau wrote: >> Relatedly, I must say I felt a little chill when reviewing the NAS report >> where support from "US intelligence community" was acknowledge without >> providing any specifics as to what agencies. More importantly, there was no >> subsequent discussion in the report as to the reason the intelligence >> community might be interested in doing this. This support was again >> acknowledged by Marcia McNutt at the AAAS session yesterday without any >> details. At least support by DOE and NOAA, the "US energy/environmental >> community"?, was clearly stated, while Depts. of Agriculture, Interior and >> EPA were conspicuously absent given the heavy emphasis on land ecosystems in >> the report. >> Anyway, it would be nice to know to what extent my research or anyone else's >> in this field is serving the intelligence community and how. I have no doubt >> that there are national security implications for successfully or >> unsuccessfully dealing with climate change, but then should these >> implications be classified, which ones, and who decides? What role does the >> NAS and as well as ordinary US scientists have in this, and are they serving >> US interests or global interests? >> >> Greg >> >> From: Jamais Cascio <[email protected]> >> To: [email protected] >> Cc: Ken Caldeira <[email protected]>; Alan Robock >> <[email protected]>; Mick West <[email protected]>; >> [email protected] >> Sent: Sunday, February 15, 2015 10:56 AM >> Subject: Re: [geo] Chill factor at 'cia' weather query | Daily Mail Online >> and BBC interview >> >> It’s not a question of whether or not it's a weapon, it’s a question of >> whether or not it’s perceived as a threat. >> >> At the Berlin event, I told some of you about the CIA Center for Climate >> Change and National Security simulation exercise I was asked to do four or >> five years ago. What started as a climate disruption/storms & droughts & >> bears scenario evolved (as the China and US teams responded) into a >> potential SRM scenario. By the final turn, the possible deployment of SRM on >> one side had been perceived as a real threat to agriculture on the other, >> and missiles were being put on alert. >> >> Perception trumps objective reality when it comes to national security. >> >> On that note, the CIACCCNS is no longer around, as the Republican house >> determined that since climate change wasn’t real, the center wasn’t needed. >> Seriously. >> >> -Jamais Cascio >> >> Proof: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jamais_cascio/6214330683/ >> >> >> >>> On Feb 15, 2015, at 10:27 AM, Andrew Lockley <[email protected]> >>> wrote: >>> >>> Respectfully, I disagree. >>> The status of geoengineering is perhaps more likely to be akin to trade >>> sanctions. >>> Imagine a bipolar world which is divided up purely into a Chinese >>> superpower zone and an American superpower zone. There may be various >>> skirmishes going on at any one time, as we see in Ukraine. Simultaneously, >>> we may see ongoing trade, diplomacy and cooperation in other ways. (This >>> pattern is common among 'frenemies'.) >>> >>> Where the parties have a clearly different CE preference, the concept of >>> weaponisation becomes extremely blurred. Using CE becomes a bargaining chip >>> like all others. In extremis, such a tool may cause profound food shortages >>> in the counterparty's zone, or expose key infrastructure to natural >>> disasters. >>> How could we agree whether that constituted a weapon, or not? >>> A >>> On 15 Feb 2015 16:38, "Ken Caldeira" <[email protected]> wrote: >>> Based on the history of our intelligence agencies involvement in secret >>> kidnappings and torture, killing noncombatants with drones, spying on our >>> telecommunications, etc, we can take it as a given that secret US >>> governmental organizations will engage in criminal behavior. >>> >>> However, we should be entirely clear: >>> >>> There is absolutely no evidence that any US intelligence agency has any >>> interest in climate intervention for anything other than defense-related >>> informational purposes. >>> >>> Furthermore, there is no plausible scenario in which climate intervention >>> could be used effectively as a weapon. >>> >>> So, while I share Alan's contempt for the criminal behavior of our >>> secretive governmental agencies, I do not think it is helpful to speculate >>> that in this instance, the agencies are looking for new ways that they >>> might inflict suffering on others. >>> >>> Best, >>> Ken >>> >>> _______________ >>> Ken Caldeira >>> >>> Carnegie Institution for Science >>> Dept of Global Ecology >>> 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA >>> +1 650 704 7212 [email protected] >>> http://kencaldeira.com >>> https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira >>> >>> My assistant is Dawn Ross <[email protected]>, with access to >>> incoming emails. >>> >>> >>> >>> On Sun, Feb 15, 2015 at 8:08 AM, Alan Robock <[email protected]> >>> wrote: >>> Dear Mick, >>> >>> The Daily Mail article is true. >>> >>> But you might also be interested in the more informative BBC interview: >>> >>> http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31475761 >>> Alan >>> >>> Alan Robock, Distinguished Professor >>> Editor, Reviews of Geophysics >>> Director, Meteorology Undergraduate Program >>> Department of Environmental Sciences Phone: +1-848-932-5751 >>> Rutgers University Fax: +1-732-932-8644 >>> 14 College Farm Road E-mail: [email protected] >>> New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551 USA http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock >>> http://twitter.com/AlanRobock >>> Watch my 18 min TEDx talk at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsrEk1oZ-54 >>> On 2/14/15, 10:30 PM, Mick West wrote: >>>> The Daily Mail story about CIA inquiries concerning covert geoengineering >>>> is interesting because I actually posed a very similar question to the >>>> Geoengineering list three years ago, to which both of you (Alan and >>>> Andrew) responded directly. >>>> https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/geoengineering/UzNzNyJIZ2g/Qvs7XFNK5doJ >>>> >>>> So I was wondering Alan, if is this the Daily Mail's dramatic retelling of >>>> this exchange, or were there actually "CIA" men calling you asking similar >>>> questions? >>>> >>>> Mick >>>> >>>> On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 6:56 PM, Andrew Lockley <[email protected]> >>>> wrote: >>>> Poster's note : Robock tweeted this, so it's probably not entirely >>>> inaccurate. (Members outside the UK may not be aware that the Daily Mail >>>> is widely derided.) >>>> http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/pa/article-2954051/Chill-factor-CIA-weather-query.html >>>> Chill factor at 'CIA' weather query >>>> By Press Association >>>> 00:43 15 Feb 2015, >>>> A leading American climate scientist has said he felt "scared" when a >>>> shadowy organisation claiming to represent the CIA asked him about the >>>> possibility of weaponised weather. >>>> Professor Alan Robock received a call three years ago from two men wanting >>>> to know if experts would be able to spot a hostile force's attempts to >>>> upset the US climate. >>>> But he suspected the real intention was to find out how feasible it might >>>> be to secretly interfere with the climate of another country. >>>> The professor, from the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers >>>> University, New Jersey, has investigated the potential risks and benefits >>>> of using stratospheric particles to simulate the climate-changing effects >>>> of volcanic eruptions. >>>> Speaking at the annual meeting of the American Association for the >>>> Advancement of Science in San Jose, California, where he took part in a >>>> debate on geoengineering to combat climate change, Prof Robock said: " I >>>> got a phone call from two men who said we work as consultants for the CIA >>>> and we'd like to know if some other country was controlling our climate, >>>> would we know about it?"I >>>> told them, after thinking a little bit, that we probably would because >>>> if you put enough material in the atmosphere to reflect sunlight we would >>>> be able to detect it and see the equipment that was putting it up >>>> there."At the same time I thought they were probably also interested in if >>>> we could control somebody else's climate, could they detect it?" >>>> Asked how he felt when the approach was made, he said: "Scared. I'd >>>> learned of lots of other things the CIA had done that haven't followed the >>>> rules and I thought that wasn't how I wanted my tax money spent. I think >>>> this research has to be in the open and international so there isn't any >>>> question of it being used for hostile purposes." >>>> Geoengineering to offset the effects of global warming could include >>>> scattering sulphur particles in the upper atmosphere to re-direct sunlight >>>> back into space, seeding the oceans with iron to encourage the spread of >>>> carbon-hungry algae, and creating reflective areas on the Earth's surface. >>>> But the long-term effects of such strategies are largely unknown and many >>>> experts fear they may pose grave risks. >>>> A further twist in Prof Robock's story concerns the CIA's alleged >>>> co-funding of a major report on geoengineering published this week by the >>>> prestigious US National Academy of Sciences.The report mentions the "US >>>> intelligence community" in its list of sponsors, which also includes the >>>> American space agency Nasa, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric >>>> Administration, and the US Department of Energy. >>>> Prof Robock said the CIA had told one of his colleagues it wanted to fund >>>> the report, but apparently did not want this fact to be too obvious. >>>> "The CIA is a major funder of the National Academies report so that makes >>>> me really worried who is going to be in control," he added. >>>> He pointed out that the US had a history of using the weather in a hostile >>>> way. During the Vietnam War clouds were seeded over the Ho Chi Minh trail >>>> - a footpath-based supply route used by the North Vietnamese - to make the >>>> track muddy in an attempt to cut it off. >>>> The CIA had also seeded clouds over Cuba "to make it rain and ruin the >>>> sugar harvest".During a press conference on the potential risks of >>>> geoengineering, Prof Robock was asked what its greatest hazard might be. >>>> He replied: "The answer is global nuclear war because if one country wants >>>> to control the climate in one way, and another doesn't want it or if they >>>> try to shoot down the planes ... if there is no agreement, it could result >>>> in terrible consequences." >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >>>> "geoengineering" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >>>> email to [email protected]. >>>> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >>>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. >>>> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. >>>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >>> "geoengineering" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >>> email to [email protected]. >>> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. >>> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. >>> >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >>> "geoengineering" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >>> email to [email protected]. >>> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. >>> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >>> "geoengineering" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >>> email to [email protected]. >>> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. >>> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "geoengineering" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. >> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. >> >> > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "geoengineering" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. 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