http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.6979C
Solar geoengineering, atmospheric water vapor transport, and land plants Authors: Caldeira, Ken; Cao, Long Affiliation: AA(Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford CA 94305 USA [email protected]), AB(Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 China [email protected]) Publication: EGU General Assembly 2015, held 12-17 April, 2015 in Vienna, Austria. id.6979 04/2015 Abstract This work, using the GeoMIP database supplemented by additional simulations, discusses how solar geoengineering, as projected by the climate models, affects temperature and the hydrological cycle, and how this in turn is related to projected changes in net primary productivity (NPP). Solar geoengineering simulations typically exhibit reduced precipitation. Solar geoengineering reduces precipitation because solar geoengineering reduces evaporation. Evaporation precedes precipitation, and, globally, evaporation equals precipitation. CO2 tends to reduce evaporation through two main mechanisms: (1) CO2 tends to stabilize the atmosphere especially over the ocean, leading to a moister atmospheric boundary layer over the ocean. This moistening of the boundary layer suppresses evaporation. (2) CO2 tends to diminish evapotranspiration, at least in most land-surface models, because higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations allow leaves to close their stomata and avoid water loss. In most high-CO2 simulations, these effects of CO2 which tend to suppress evaporation are masked by the tendency of CO2-warming effect to increase evaporation. In a geoengineering simulation, with the warming effect of CO2 largely offset by the solar geoengineering, the evaporation suppressing characteristics of CO2 are no longer masked and are clearly exhibited. Decreased precipitation in solar geoengineering simulations is a bit like ocean acidification - an effect of high CO2 concentrations that is not offset by solar geoengineering. Locally, precipitation ultimately either evaporates (much of that through the leaves of plants) or runs off through groundwater to streams and rivers. On long time scales, runoff equals precipitation minus evaporation, and thus, water runoff generated at a location is equal to the net atmospheric transport of water to that location. Runoff typically occurs where there is substantial soil moisture, at least seasonally. Locations where there is enough water to maintain runoff are typically locations where there is sufficient water to maintain plant growth. This work aims at: (i) Identifying the geographical distribution of sensitivity of modeled-NPP to changes in CO2, temperature, and various parameters related to the hydrological cycle; (ii) Geographically partitioning changes in modeled-NPP to changes in CO2, temperature, and hydrological variables (and a non-linear interaction term). -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
