David, I do understand that you're talking about a modification to MCB to
addresses the nutrient dispersion question, and not about iron fertilization,
but the concern is exactly the same, namely, the ocean ecosystem is vastly
complex, to understand the implications of any artificial manipulation to it
requires thorough understanding of its complexity. Small trials will be
limited by its local (physical and temporal) conditions and destined to yield
incomplete understanding, while large trials are simply too risky and
irreversible. It's the same problem with aerosol spraying with planes (which
of course has the additional problem that it just masks the warming without
addressing the GHG excess problem).
Maggie
On Tuesday, November 14, 2017 11:01 AM, David Sevier
<[email protected]> wrote:
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div.yiv8622244226WordSection1 {}#yiv8622244226 Maggie, Please note I am not
seeking to open the discussion about the effectiveness of ocean fertilization
for carbon capture at this time. I am only saying that the modification that I
have outlined addresses the nutrient dispersion question. Only a series of
tests and follow up studies under a number of conditions will settle the
question of whether ocean fertilization is effective at capturing and
sequestering CO2 from the air. Debate before this is done properly is like
arguing about how many angels can dance on the top of a pin. Only hard data in
a number of environments and conditions will settle this. Dave From: Maggie
Zhou [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: 13 November 2017 20:18
To: [email protected]; David Sevier
Cc: Stephen Salter; geoengineering; Stuart Haszeldine
Subject: Re: [geo] modification to cloud whitening process Also, adding
nutrients doesn't just lead to the hoped-for phytoplankton growth. In a
previously reported ocean iron fertilization experiment, that growth quickly
lead to a boom of some marine arthropods, instead of the hoped-for deposition
of dead planktons to the ocean floor as detritus. But even if such detritus
successfully sinks as "marine snow", it will still increase the oxygen
depletion beneath the region of the algal bloom, as a significant fraction of
the detritus is devoured by bacteria, other microorganisms and deep sea animals
that also consume oxygen. All this further exacerbates ocean anoxia that's
already affecting huge areas of the world's oceans. Maggie
----------------------------------------Maggie Zhou,
PhDhttps://www.facebook.com/maggie.zhou.543Twitter:
@[email protected]+41 61 535 0508 (Switzerland, landline)Skype:
mzhou_us On Monday, November 13, 2017 8:16 PM, Andrew Lockley
<[email protected]> wrote: The materials volumes of the sprays are very
small and the concentrations needed to effect biological changes may
substantially impact droplet formation and CCN properties A On 13 Nov 2017
19:01, "David Sevier" <[email protected]> wrote:I have been
considering how the base technology (the equipment that sprays the salt water
to whiten the clouds) that underpins Dr Salter’s cloud whitening
geo-engineering could be used in different and new ways. I believe that I have
hit upon a modification to the base technology that may prove to be quite
important and very useful. Proposed Modification to Cloud Whitening Into the
intake line feeding the spray equipment (this is the low pressure side),
inject either dissolved solutions / fine suspensions of key marine nutrients
such as iron, phosphate and silicate that limit growth in the top few
centimetres of the ocean surface away from the continental shelves. The
nutrients will be delivered to the clouds and will later fall as rain and
deliver the dilute (i.e. the level that micro plants require) nutrients to the
ocean surface. The proposed method avoids delivering nutrients in high
concentration from a dragged point and then requiring currents and waves to
disperse nutrients. The proposed method, because it uses wind, rain and
weather, will deliver nutrients across wide areas of ocean surface. In essence
I am suggesting converting the equipment for cloud whitening into a very
efficient method for delivering marine nutrients across wide areas that will be
significantly better than alternative methods. This solution directly address
the problem of spreading marine nutrients that if often cited as a drawback in
reference to ocean fertilization The modification should be relatively
inexpensive and simple to make as it is little more than using a low pressure
pump to continuously inject into a flowing line. Potential
AdvantagesRelatively few spray assemblies should be able fertilize very large
areas of ocean. Land based installations (which will cost less to build and
operate) on remote islands such as Easter Island will be able to deliver
nutrients to large areas of ocean. Overall the ability to deliver nutrients
across wide areas of the ocean surface for low cost and with reduced logistic
problems should improve the opportunities for ocean fertilization. Some
DiscussionThe modification of cloud whitening as I have outlined, blurs the
lines between solar radiation management and enhanced direct carbon capture. It
is both and should improve the interest in and need to further develop Dr
Salter’s cloud whitening technology. One further point that seems worth of
mention: many of the ocean ecosystems are near collapse due to overfishing
driven by the rising world population. This is a large problem that urgently
needs a solution. It is likely that increasing the deep ocean surface water
productivity by fertilization will lead to greater fish stocks in the areas
where fishing tends to be poor at present. Potentially this may give a much
needed safety valve to overfished areas and allow these areas to recover. Some
I expect will cite increased fish stocks in areas that are nutrient poor as
changing ecosystems and hold this as a reason for not considering ocean
fertilization. I would point out that we are already very severely modifying
coastal ecosystems by overfishing. Reversing this by increasing deep water fish
stocks is the better option. Ultimately the world population has to be fed.
David SevierCarbon Cycle Limited248 Sutton Common RoadSutton, Surrey SM3
9PWEnglandTel 44 (0)208 288 0128Fax 44 (0)208-288 0129www.carbon-cycle.co.uk
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