Thermodynamic Model of CO2 Deposition in Cold Climates - Sandra K. S. Boetcher, Matthew J. Traum, Ted von Hippel *link.springer.com*/article/10.1007/s10584-019-02587-3 <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-019-02587-3>
A thermodynamic model, borrowing ideas from psychrometric principles, of a cryogenic direct-air CO2-capture system utilizing a precooler is used to estimate the optimal CO2 removal fraction to minimize energy input per tonne of CO2. Energy costs to operate the system scale almost linearly with the temperature drop between the ingested air and the cryogenic desublimation temperature of CO2, driving siting to the coldest accessible locations. System performance in three Arctic/Antarctic regions where the proposed system can potentially be located is analyzed. Colder ambient temperatures provide colder system input air temperature yielding lower CO2 removal energy requirements. A case is also presented using direct-sky radiative cooling to feed colder-than-ambient air into the system. Removing greater fractions of the ingested CO2 lowers the CO2 desublimation temperature, thereby demanding greater energy input for air cooling. It therefore is disadvantageous to remove all CO2 from the processed air, and the optimal mass fraction of CO2 desublimated under this scheme is found to be ~0.8-0.9. In addition, a variety of precooler effectiveness (*ε* ) values are evaluated. Increasing effectiveness reduces the required system power input. However, beyond *ε* = 0.7, at certain higher values of desublimated CO2 mass fraction, the CO2 begins to solidify inside the precooler before reaching the cryocooler. This phenomenon fouls the precooler, negating its effectiveness. Further system efficiencies can be realized via a precooler designed to capture solidified CO2 and eliminate fouling. CO2 desublimation thermodynamics cryogenics Arctic/Antarctica 1. IPCC (2018) Global warming of 1.5 °C, URL: http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/ last accessed 10/1/2019 2. Lackner KS, Brennan S, Matter JM, Park AHA, Wright A, van der Zwaan B (2012) The urgency of development of CO2 capture from ambient air. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109:13156–13162CrossRef <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108765109>Google Scholar <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20urgency%20of%20development%20of%20CO2%20capture%20from%20ambient%20air&author=KS.%20Lackner&author=S.%20Brennan&author=JM.%20Matter&author=AHA.%20Park&author=A.%20Wright&author=B.%20Zwaan&journal=Proc%20Natl%20Acad%20Sci&volume=109&pages=13156-13162&publication_year=2012> 3. Lemmon E, Jacobsen R, Penoncello S, Friend D (2000) Thermodynamic properties of air and mixtures of nitrogen, argon, oxygen from 60 to 2000 K at pressures to 2000 MPa. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 29Google Scholar <https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lemmon%20E%2C%20Jacobsen%20R%2C%20Penoncello%20S%2C%20Friend%20D%20%282000%29%20Thermodynamic%20properties%20of%20air%20and%20mixtures%20of%20nitrogen%2C%20argon%2C%20oxygen%20from%2060%20to%202000%20K%20at%20pressures%20to%202000%20MPa.%20Journal%20of%20Physical%20and%20Chemical%20Reference%20Data%2029> 4. Lemmon EW, Bell I, Huber ML, McLinden MO (2018) NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid, Thermodynamic, and Transport Properties-REFPROP, Version 10.0, National Institutes of Standards and TechnologyGoogle Scholar <https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lemmon%20EW%2C%20Bell%20I%2C%20Huber%20ML%2C%20McLinden%20MO%20%282018%29%20NIST%20Standard%20Reference%20Database%2023%3A%20Reference%20Fluid%2C%20Thermodynamic%2C%20and%20Transport%20Properties-REFPROP%2C%20Version%2010.0%2C%20National%20Institutes%20of%20Standards%20and%20Technology> 5. Marty C, Philipona R, Delamere J, Dutton EG, Michalsky J, Stamnes K, Storvold R, Stoffel T, Clough SA, Mlawer EJ (2003) Downward longwave irradiance uncertainty under arctic atmospheres: Measurements and modeling. J Geophys Res 108:4358–4370CrossRef <https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002937>Google Scholar <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Downward%20longwave%20irradiance%20uncertainty%20under%20arctic%20atmospheres%3A%20Measurements%20and%20modeling&author=C.%20Marty&author=R.%20Philipona&author=J.%20Delamere&author=EG.%20Dutton&author=J.%20Michalsky&author=K.%20Stamnes&author=R.%20Storvold&author=T.%20Stoffel&author=SA.%20Clough&author=EJ.%20Mlawer&journal=J%20Geophys%20Res&volume=108&pages=4358-4370&publication_year=2003> 6. Moran MJ, Shapiro HN, Boettner DD, Bailey MB (2018) Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics, ninth ed. Wiley, Hoboken NJ USAGoogle Scholar <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Fundamentals%20of%20engineering%20thermodynamics%2C%20ninth%20ed&author=MJ.%20Moran&author=HN.%20Shapiro&author=DD.%20Boettner&author=MB.%20Bailey&publication_year=2018> 7. Parish TR, Bromwich DH (1987) The surface windfield over the Antarctic ice sheets. Nature 328:5154CrossRef <https://doi.org/10.1038/328742b0>Google Scholar <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20surface%20windfield%20over%20the%20Antarctic%20ice%20sheets&author=TR.%20Parish&author=DH.%20Bromwich&journal=Nature&volume=328&pages=5154&publication_year=1987> 8. Petty GW (2008) A first course in atmospheric radiation, second edn. Sundog Publishing, Madison WI USAGoogle Scholar <https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Petty%20GW%20%282008%29%20A%20first%20course%20in%20atmospheric%20radiation%2C%20second%20edn.%20Sundog%20Publishing%2C%20Madison%20WI%20USA> 9. Radenbaugh R (2004) Refrigeration for superconductors. Proceedings of the IEEE 1719-1734Google Scholar <https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Radenbaugh%20R%20%282004%29%20Refrigeration%20for%20superconductors.%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20IEEE%201719-1734> 10. Span R, Wagner W (1996) A new equation of state for carbon dioxide covering the fluid region from the triple-point temperature to 1100 K at pressures up to 800 MPa. J Phys Chem Reference Data 25Google Scholar <https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Span%20R%2C%20Wagner%20W%20%281996%29%20A%20new%20equation%20of%20state%20for%20carbon%20dioxide%20covering%20the%20fluid%20region%20from%20the%20triple-point%20temperature%20to%201100%20K%20at%20pressures%20up%20to%20800%20MPa.%20J%20Phys%20Chem%20Reference%20Data%2025> 11. Walden VP, Warren SG, Murcray FJ (1998) Measurements of the downward longwave radiation spectrum over the Antarctic plateau and comparison with a line-by-line radiative transfer model for clear skies. J Geophys Res 103:3825–3846CrossRef <https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02433>Google Scholar <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Measurements%20of%20the%20downward%20longwave%20radiation%20spectrum%20over%20the%20Antarctic%20plateau%20and%20comparison%20with%20a%20line-by-line%20radiative%20transfer%20model%20for%20clear%20skies&author=VP.%20Walden&author=SG.%20Warren&author=FJ.%20Murcray&journal=J%20Geophys%20Res&volume=103&pages=3825-3846&publication_year=1998> 12. Yu Z, Miller F, Pfotenhauer J (2017) Numerical modeling and analytical modeling of cryogenic carbon capture in de-sublimating heat exchanger. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 278Google Scholar <https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yu%20Z%2C%20Miller%20F%2C%20Pfotenhauer%20J%20%282017%29%20Numerical%20modeling%20and%20analytical%20modeling%20of%20cryogenic%20carbon%20capture%20in%20de-sublimating%20heat%20exchanger.%20IOP%20Conference%20Series%3A%20Materials%20Science%20and%20Engineering%20278> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAHodn995YV%2BjOZsvqqiJGUiUOQEZ%3DMdEco77JJJf5nnkioc5DQ%40mail.gmail.com.
