https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abc445

Detection of NO2 pollution plumes from individual ships with the
TROPOMI/S5P satellite sensor

Aristeidis K. Georgoulias1, Klaas Folkert Boersma2, Jasper van Vliet3, Xiumei
Zhang4, Ronald van der A1, Prodromos Zanis5 and Jos de Laat1

Accepted Manuscript online 23 October 2020 • © 2020 The Author(s).
Published by IOP Publishing Ltd

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Article information
<https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abc445#>
Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of tropospheric NO2 column measurements
from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument onboard the Copernicus Sentinel
5 Precursor satellite (TROPOMI/S5P) for an oceanic area in the central
Mediterranean on 2 July 2018. The day and area were selected because of the
stable and cloud-free weather conditions with low wind speeds throughout
most of the area, while covering one of the busiest worldwide international
shipping corridors. In addition, the area was affected by sunglint, i.e.
sunlight that is directly reflected by the ocean surface waves to the
satellite which greatly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the satellite
observations. The satellite measurements reveal plume-like emission
structures in tropospheric NO2 columns while Automated Identification
Signal (AIS) data of ship locations reveal a total of 185 ships in the
area. Combined with information about wind speed and wind direction within
three hours prior to the TROPOMI/S5P overpass, the ship tracks can almost
perfectly be aligned with the plume-like tropospheric NO2 structures. In
addition, information about ship length and ship speed, combined with an
analysis of ship tracks and ship position, reveal that nearly all emission
plume-like tropospheric NO2 structures can be attributed to the largest
ships, mostly container ships and crude oil tankers. Overall, our results
show for the first time ever that NO2 emission plumes from ships can be
detected and attributed to individual ships using satellite measurements,
while also providing strong support for using satellite sunglint
measurements.

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