https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89249-6

Response of the Indian summer monsoon to global warming, solar
geoengineering and its termination

Mansi Bhowmick, Saroj Kanta Mishra, Ben Kravitz, Sandeep Sahany & Popat
Salunke

Abstract

The response of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) to global warming, solar
geoengineering and its termination is examined using the multi-model mean
of seven global climate model simulations from G2 experiment of the
Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project. Under the global warming
scenario, land–ocean temperature contrasts and low-level monsoon
circulation progressively strengthen accompanied by enhanced precipitation
over the Indian subcontinent. Notably, in the solar geoengineered scenario,
marginal surface cooling is projected over the majority of the ISM region,
and there is strengthening of both upper and lower level circulation.
However, preferential precipitation near Western Ghats leads to dry bias
over majority of Indian land. Upon the termination of the geoengineering,
the climatic conditions—temperature, precipitation, winds and moisture
would abruptly change to what it would have been under the global warming
scenario. Thus, this may be important to note that such changes may need
attention for the future mitigation and adaptation purposes if solar
geoengineering is required to implement in future.

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