Added SO2 would change stratospheric temperature locally in a significant way, as it was observed after volcanic eruptions. The actual value would depend on the size of the particles formed and on the S-burden, together with the changes produced chemically on stratospheric ozone, which in turn modifies the heating rates. The localised heating would result in an increase in tropical w* and increase tropospheric-stratospheric transport (and it would also change TTL temperatures, resulting in slightly more water vapor entering the stratosphere, see https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JD033952 <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JD033952>,water vapor is in Fig. S1. In Fig. 10 you can see the different height of the tropopause.) We have looked at the effect this would have on CH4 and other tracers here: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/11209/2017/acp-17-11209-2017-metrics.html <https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/11209/2017/acp-17-11209-2017-metrics.html> and so did Tilmes et al. here https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JD028146 <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JD028146>. We found, overall, that due to chemical changes produced by less OH available and transport differences methane lifetime may increase by around 10%, and so would concentration. But in terms of RF, it is a fraction of that produced by the increased stratospheric sulfate layer
Hope this helps! Daniele > On 14 May 2021, at 16:33, Wingenter, Oliver <[email protected]> wrote: > > Alan > Does the temperature of the tropopause change? What is the impact, if any, on > the stratospheric exchange time? I am thinking about the effect on CFCs, CH4, > and stratospheric chemistry. > Is there a paper on this? Does added sulfate from SO2 injection into the > stratosphere warm the stratosphere significantly? > > Regards > Oliver Wingenter > > On Fri, May 14, 2021 at 12:44 AM Andrew Lockley <[email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: > I'm interested to understand the effect on SRM. Eg more technical > difficulties with lofting, earlier rain out, etc. I'd welcome discussion. > > Andrew > > On Thu, 13 May 2021, 14:41 Alan Robock ☮, <[email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: > This is certainly not unexpected. We wrote a paper on this 25 years ago: > > Vinnikov, Konstantin Ya., Alan Robock, Ronald J. Stouffer and Syukuro Manabe, > 1996: Vertical patterns of free and forced climate variations. Geophys. Res. > Lett., 23, 1801-1804. > http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/VinnikovVertical96GL01736.pdf > <http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/VinnikovVertical96GL01736.pdf> > > And I don't think it is an important reason to do CDR. There are other good > reasons, but this does not affect us nearly as much as other impacts of > global warming. > > Alan > > Alan Robock, Distinguished Professor > Chair-Elect, AGU College of Fellows > Associate Editor, Reviews of Geophysics > Department of Environmental Sciences Phone: +1-848-932-5751 > Rutgers University E-mail: > [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> > 14 College Farm Road http://people.envsci.rutgers.edu/robock > <http://people.envsci.rutgers.edu/robock> > New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551 ☮ https://twitter.com/AlanRobock > <https://twitter.com/AlanRobock> > > "I've got a feeling 21 is going to be a good year" - The Who from the album > Tommy > > > > > On 5/13/2021 6:33 AM, Andrew Lockley wrote: >> >> ---------- Forwarded message --------- >> From: Tom Goreau <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> >> Date: Thu, 13 May 2021, 11:03 >> Subject: [CDR] CO2 shrinks the stratosphere >> To: 'Greg Rau' via Carbon Dioxide Removal >> <[email protected] >> <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >> >> Yet another unexpected reason why CDR is needed! >> >> >> >> Stratospheric contraction caused by increasing greenhouse gases >> >> To cite this article before publication: Petr Pisoft et al 2021 Environ. >> Res. Lett. in press https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abfe2b >> <https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abfe2b> >> P. Pisoft1 , P. Sacha1,2, L. M. Polvani3 , J. A. Añel4 , L. de la Torre4 , >> R. Eichinger1,5,6, U. Foelsche7 , P. Huszar1 , C. Jacobi8 , J. Karlicky1,2, >> A. Kuchar1,8, J. Miksovsky1 , M. Zak1 , H. E. Rieder2 >> >> >> Abstract Rising emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) have led >> to tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling over recent decades. As a >> thermodynamic consequence, the troposphere has expanded and the rise of the >> tropopause, the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere, has been >> suggested as one of the most robust fingerprints of anthropogenic climate >> change. Conversely, at altitudes above ~55 km (in the mesosphere and >> thermosphere) observational and modeling evidence indicates a downward shift >> of the height of pressure levels or decreasing density at fixed altitudes. >> The layer in between, the stratosphere, has not been studied extensively >> with respect to changes of its global structure. Here we show that this >> atmospheric layer has contracted substantially over the last decades, and >> that the main driver for this are increasing concentrations of GHG. Using >> data from coupled chemistry-climate models we show that this trend will >> continue and the mean climatological thickness of the stratosphere will >> decrease by 1.3 km following representative concentration pathway 6.0 by >> 2080. We also demonstrate that the stratospheric contraction is not only a >> response to cooling, as changes in both tropopause and stratopause pressure >> contribute. Moreover, its short emergence time (less than 15 years) makes it >> a novel and independent indicator of GHG induced climate change. >> >> >> >> Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD >> President, Global Coral Reef Alliance >> >> Chief Scientist, Blue Regeneration SL >> President, Biorock Technology Inc. >> >> Technical Advisor, Blue Guardians Programme, SIDS DOCK >> >> 37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 >> >> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> >> www.globalcoral.org <http://www.globalcoral.org/> >> Skype: tomgoreau >> Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 (leave message) >> >> >> Books: >> >> Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon >> Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase >> >> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392 >> <http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392> >> >> Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration >> >> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734 >> <http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734> >> >> No one can change the past, everybody can change the future >> >> >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected] >> <mailto:[email protected]>. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/F9887C8D-8B48-49D4-9557-92398C135843%40globalcoral.org >> >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/F9887C8D-8B48-49D4-9557-92398C135843%40globalcoral.org?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>. >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "geoengineering" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected] >> <mailto:[email protected]>. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAJ3C-04p8nju0X3oxEAG%3DmMU_h41bQ%2Beie%3D9sv88YK3X-E6ipw%40mail.gmail.com >> >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAJ3C-04p8nju0X3oxEAG%3DmMU_h41bQ%2Beie%3D9sv88YK3X-E6ipw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>. > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "geoengineering" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]>. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAJ3C-04Y5_Lv14%2BTSgPB6TmEKQWb7%2Bqc2hm6TDehJnie42_qqg%40mail.gmail.com > > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAJ3C-04Y5_Lv14%2BTSgPB6TmEKQWb7%2Bqc2hm6TDehJnie42_qqg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "geoengineering" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]>. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CA%2BSMC_%2B1%2BY7XB1YVBA4VfTAb3qSdHOpKrnEm7rN2qWW3ToFFHA%40mail.gmail.com > > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CA%2BSMC_%2B1%2BY7XB1YVBA4VfTAb3qSdHOpKrnEm7rN2qWW3ToFFHA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. 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