Hi Debra,

This is a very important point, and if it isn't answered ASAP, plenty of shovel 
ready projects will get built by recovery-eager local leaders. For coastal 
adaptation, FEMA, TNC, and many others now advocate nature-based solutions for 
resilience, but to my knowledge, no one has answered the question - if we don't 
build a seawall, we're going to need XX acres or square miles of dunes. The 
Lower East Side Park in Manhattan provides a cautionary example - the BIG U won 
Rebuild by Design's competition with a park, but in the permitting / 
construction drawing phase, the City decided it wasn't feasible and then 
proposed to demolish the existing park, lift it up several feet, and rebuild 
(effectively a park on a seawall rather than a nature based solution).

I've written a perspective paper on the implications of green infrastructure 
for municipal finance and social justice. It cites many papers, including Mary 
Ruckelshaus and colleagues (below) show the limits of what wetlands can do for 
coastal protection. I'm all for nature based solutions - but we need to get 
real about what that means for what it's going to take, and it's not just an 
easy technological swap.

Shi, L. (2020). Beyond flood risk reduction: How can green infrastructure 
advance both social justice and regional impact? Socio-Ecological Practice 
Research, 2(4), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42532-020-00065-0 (open 
access)
Ruckelshaus MH, Guannel G, Arkema K, Verutes G, Griffin R, Guerry A, Silver J, 
Faries J, Brenner J, Rosenthal A (2016) Evaluating the benefits of green 
infrastructure for coastal areas: location, location, location. Coastal Manag 
44(5):504–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2016.1208882

Linda

________________________________
From: [email protected] <[email protected]> on behalf of Debra 
Javeline <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, April 22, 2021 1:15 PM
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: [gep-ed] RE: Opinion: We Don't Need More Life-Crushing Steel and 
Concrete


Dear colleagues,



Biden announced new commitments on climate action today, and it reminded me 
that I received not a single response to my query below about the Biden 
infrastructure plan.  I wonder why.  If the climate plans and the 
infrastructure plans are not integrated, how can the climate plans succeed?  Is 
no one conducting research on the ideal infrastructure for a climate-altered 
planet?



All the best,

Debra



From: Debra Javeline <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>>
Sent: Thursday, April 15, 2021 10:36 AM
To: '[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>' 
<[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>>
Subject: Opinion: We Don’t Need More Life-Crushing Steel and Concrete



Dear colleagues,



Paul Greenberg and Carl Safina have a compelling op-ed in the NYT, “We Don’t 
Need More Life-Crushing Steel and Concrete: The long-term needs of ecosystems 
should come before our knee-jerk expectations about 
infrastructure<https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/13/opinion/infrastructure-biden-nature.html?fbclid=IwAR3sdOmAFMVPOp5vSgBUfgUBUP2zo4BlQ1O9pU71iEmnSYW3warBXHO5F5Q>.”



Is there any scholarship related to this topic?  Presumably, those focused on 
climate change even within Biden’s own government understand the potential 
harms of an infrastructure program that ignores climate issues, but is there a 
holistic approach, with the infrastructure people talking to the 
climate-concerned?  And is the conversation informed by good research on what 
infrastructure should be rebuilt to maximize mitigation and adaptation efforts? 
 Does such research exist?  Suggestions for specific publications would be most 
welcome.



All the best,

Debra



*****

Debra Javeline

Associate Professor | Department of Political Science | University of Notre 
Dame | 2060 Jenkins Nanovic Halls | Notre Dame, IN 46556 | tel: 
574-631-2793<tel:(574)%20631-2793>



Fellow, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies<http://kroc.nd.edu/>, 
Kellogg Institute for International Studies<http://nd.edu/~kellogg/>, Nanovic 
Institute for European Studies<http://nanovic.nd.edu/>

Core faculty, Russian and East European Studies 
Program<http://germanandrussian.nd.edu/russian/faculty/program-faculty/RussianandEastEuropeanStudies.shtml>

Affiliated faculty, Notre Dame Environmental Change 
Initiative<http://environmentalchange.nd.edu/>



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