When we push to update an existing ref, if:

 * we do not have the object at the tip of the remote; or
 * the object at the tip of the remote is not a commit; or
 * the object we are pushing is not a commit,

there is no point suggesting to fetch, integrate and push again.

If we do not have the current object at the tip of the remote, we
should tell the user to fetch first and evaluate the situation
before deciding what to do next.

Otherwise, if the current object is not a commit, or if we are
trying to push an object that is not a commit, then the user does
not have to fetch first (we already have the object), but it still
does not make sense to suggest to integrate and re-push.  Just tell
them that such a push requires a force in such a case.

In these cases, the push was locally rejected on the client end, but
we used the same error and advice messages as the ones used when
rejecting a non-fast-forward push, i.e. pull from there and
integrate before pushing again.  This did not make much sense.

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gits...@pobox.com>
---

 * Updated log message and fixed the logic to decide "fetch first";
   we should say "fetch first" only when we do not have the current
   tip of the remote end.

   send-pack.c has style violation that "else" is not on the same
   line as closing brace of its corresponding "if", but I followed
   the existing style of surrounding code.  Cleaning them up is for
   a separate topic.

 advice.c            |  4 ++++
 advice.h            |  2 ++
 builtin/push.c      | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 builtin/send-pack.c | 10 ++++++++++
 cache.h             |  2 ++
 remote.c            | 22 ++++++++++++++++------
 send-pack.c         |  2 ++
 transport-helper.c  | 10 ++++++++++
 transport.c         | 12 ++++++++++++
 transport.h         |  2 ++
 10 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
index d287927..780f58d 100644
--- a/advice.c
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ int advice_push_non_ff_current = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_default = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_matching = 1;
 int advice_push_already_exists = 1;
+int advice_push_fetch_first = 1;
+int advice_push_needs_force = 1;
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ static struct {
        { "pushnonffdefault", &advice_push_non_ff_default },
        { "pushnonffmatching", &advice_push_non_ff_matching },
        { "pushalreadyexists", &advice_push_already_exists },
+       { "pushfetchfirst", &advice_push_fetch_first },
+       { "pushneedsforce", &advice_push_needs_force },
        { "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
        { "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
        { "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
index 8bf6356..fad36df 100644
--- a/advice.h
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ extern int advice_push_non_ff_current;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_default;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_matching;
 extern int advice_push_already_exists;
+extern int advice_push_fetch_first;
+extern int advice_push_needs_force;
 extern int advice_status_hints;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
diff --git a/builtin/push.c b/builtin/push.c
index 8491e43..da928fa 100644
--- a/builtin/push.c
+++ b/builtin/push.c
@@ -224,6 +224,13 @@ static const char message_advice_ref_already_exists[] =
        N_("Updates were rejected because the destination reference already 
exists\n"
           "in the remote.");
 
+static const char message_advice_ref_fetch_first[] =
+       N_("Updates were rejected; you need to fetch the destination 
reference\n"
+          "to decide what to do.\n");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_needs_force[] =
+       N_("Updates were rejected; you need to force update.\n");
+
 static void advise_pull_before_push(void)
 {
        if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_update_rejected)
@@ -252,6 +259,20 @@ static void advise_ref_already_exists(void)
        advise(_(message_advice_ref_already_exists));
 }
 
+static void advise_ref_fetch_first(void)
+{
+       if (!advice_push_fetch_first || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+               return;
+       advise(_(message_advice_ref_fetch_first));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_needs_force(void)
+{
+       if (!advice_push_needs_force || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+               return;
+       advise(_(message_advice_ref_needs_force));
+}
+
 static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 {
        int err;
@@ -285,6 +306,10 @@ static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, 
int flags)
                        advise_checkout_pull_push();
        } else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
                advise_ref_already_exists();
+       } else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+               advise_ref_fetch_first();
+       } else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+               advise_ref_needs_force();
        }
 
        return 1;
diff --git a/builtin/send-pack.c b/builtin/send-pack.c
index f849e0a..57a46b2 100644
--- a/builtin/send-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/send-pack.c
@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
                        msg = "non-fast forward";
                        break;
 
+               case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+                       res = "error";
+                       msg = "fetch first";
+                       break;
+
+               case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+                       res = "error";
+                       msg = "needs force";
+                       break;
+
                case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
                        res = "error";
                        msg = "already exists";
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 12631a1..377a3df 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -1010,6 +1010,8 @@ struct ref {
                REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
                REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
                REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+               REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST,
+               REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE,
                REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
                REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
                REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index 3375914..c991915 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -1318,17 +1318,26 @@ void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, 
int send_mirror,
                 */
 
                if (!ref->deletion && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
-                       int nonfastforward =
-                               !has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
-                               || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1);
-
                        if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
                                if (!force_ref_update) {
                                        ref->status = 
REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                ref->forced_update = 1;
-                       } else if (nonfastforward) {
+                       } else if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)) {
+                               if (!force_ref_update) {
+                                       ref->status = 
REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               ref->forced_update = 1;
+                       } else if 
(!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1) ||
+                                  
!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1)) {
+                               if (!force_ref_update) {
+                                       ref->status = 
REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               ref->forced_update = 1;
+                       } else if (!ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1)) {
                                if (!force_ref_update) {
                                        ref->status = 
REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
                                        continue;
@@ -1517,7 +1526,8 @@ int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const 
unsigned char *old_sha1)
        struct commit_list *list, *used;
        int found = 0;
 
-       /* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+       /*
+        * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
         * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
         */
        o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
index 1c375f0..97ab336 100644
--- a/send-pack.c
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -230,6 +230,8 @@ int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
                switch (ref->status) {
                case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
                case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+               case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+               case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
                case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
                        continue;
                default:
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index 965b778..cb3ef7d 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -666,6 +666,16 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
                        free(msg);
                        msg = NULL;
                }
+               else if (!strcmp(msg, "fetch first")) {
+                       status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+                       free(msg);
+                       msg = NULL;
+               }
+               else if (!strcmp(msg, "needs force")) {
+                       status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+                       free(msg);
+                       msg = NULL;
+               }
        }
 
        if (*ref)
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 585ebcd..5105562 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -699,6 +699,14 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const 
char *dest, int count, i
                print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
                                                 "already exists", porcelain);
                break;
+       case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+               print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+                                                "fetch first", porcelain);
+               break;
+       case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+               print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+                                                "needs force", porcelain);
+               break;
        case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
                print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
                                                 ref->deletion ? NULL : 
ref->peer_ref,
@@ -750,6 +758,10 @@ void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct 
ref *refs,
                                *reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER;
                } else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
                        *reject_reasons |= REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+               } else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+                       *reject_reasons |= REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+               } else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+                       *reject_reasons |= REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
                }
        }
 }
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index bfd2df5..c818763 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, 
int verbosity,
 #define REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD     0x01
 #define REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER    0x02
 #define REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS  0x04
+#define REJECT_FETCH_FIRST     0x08
+#define REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE     0x10
 
 int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
                   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-- 
1.8.1.1.498.gfdee8be

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