> For most people, me included, if the software command isn't a simple
> $ pip install geany 1.38 (like a Python program/lib install) OR MORE LIKELY:
> $ sudo apt install geany 1.38 (from a Terminal)

Geany is a C program, it needs to be compiled before it can run, and to do that 
from source needs the dependencies and build tools to be available because the 
source does not know how to install them because it is not targeted to one 
distro.

The simplified install is part of what what distros can provide (`apt` is a 
command developed by Debian, other distros have other similar commands).  
Distros can do this because they know the specifics of the system they are 
installing on, can know and install dependencies, and can store executables in 
the online repositories so no compile is needed.  But you are limited to the 
distros provided versions, which is where we started ...

Ubuntu is based on Debian, but Ubuntu packages probably will not install on 
Debian, especially on an old distro version like buster, library versions are 
not identical and distros are not identical, so software needs to be compiled 
for the specific distro and version.

As my previous link listed, Geany 1.38 is available on newer Debians.  That is 
probably more likely to work if installed on Buster, but no guarantees since 
newer builds are likely 64 bit systems.

Just a note, the Ubuntu PPA is up to date, a pandemic, and spawning of 
children, and other reasons (see #3499) have meant that it is indeed a long 
time since last official release (1.38) of Geany.  We are aware of that.

Open source allows anyone to make a distro to suit their useage or to include 
their favourite software, and even to clone another distro and only change a 
few parts, thats why there are so many distros 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions.

But because each distro has different software management tools and software 
versions and techniques there is no way the Geany README can list them all, or 
keep such a list up to date.

> Number 1 Method: Use the Package Manager!!!
> A package manager is a software tool that allows users to install, upgrade, 
> search, download and remove software packages on an operating system. 
> https://linuxopsys.com/topics/install-software-on-linux

Thats the best advice for nearly everyone.  The simplest should be the distro 
specific user friendly GUI tool, eg Software Manager on my Mint that tries to 
be like Google Play/Apple App Store.  Then the lower level commands such as 
`apt` or its GUI version `synaptic` which are package managers, but as noted 
they can only install what is present in their repositories, which again comes 
back to where we started ...

The Geany README and INSTALL instructions relate to building/installing from 
source, either a tarball or a clone of the git repository.  But it is not a 
primer on building C code, build tools, installing dependencies and tools and 
other items that are generic to building C code.

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