westonpace commented on a change in pull request #9779:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/9779#discussion_r601829413



##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/util/async_generator.h
##########
@@ -280,6 +280,150 @@ AsyncGenerator<V> MakeMappedGenerator(AsyncGenerator<T> 
source_generator,
   return MappingGenerator<T, V>(std::move(source_generator), std::move(map));
 }
 
+/// \see MakeSequencingGenerator
+template <typename T, typename Comp, typename IsNext>
+class SequencingGenerator {
+ public:
+  SequencingGenerator(AsyncGenerator<T> source, Comp compare, IsNext is_next,
+                      T initial_value)
+      : state_(std::make_shared<State>(std::move(source), std::move(compare),
+                                       std::move(is_next), 
std::move(initial_value))) {}
+
+  Future<T> operator()() {
+    util::optional<Result<T>> result;
+    {
+      auto guard = state_->mutex.Lock();
+      if (!state_->queue.empty()) {
+        if (!state_->queue.top().ok() ||
+            state_->is_next(state_->previous_value, *state_->queue.top())) {
+          result = std::move(state_->queue.top());
+          if (result->ok()) {
+            state_->previous_value = **result;
+          }
+          state_->queue.pop();
+        }
+      }
+      if (!result.has_value()) {
+        if (state_->finished) {
+          return AsyncGeneratorEnd<T>();
+        }
+        auto new_waiting_fut = Future<T>::Make();
+        state_->waiting_future = new_waiting_fut;
+        guard.Unlock();
+        state_->source().AddCallback(Callback{state_});
+        return new_waiting_fut;
+      }
+      return Future<T>::MakeFinished(*result);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct WrappedComp {
+    bool operator()(const Result<T>& left, const Result<T>& right) {
+      if (!left.ok() || !right.ok()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return compare(*left, *right);
+    }
+    Comp compare;
+  };
+
+  struct State {
+    State(AsyncGenerator<T> source, Comp compare, IsNext is_next, T 
initial_value)
+        : source(std::move(source)),
+          is_next(std::move(is_next)),
+          previous_value(std::move(initial_value)),
+          waiting_future(),
+          queue(WrappedComp{compare}),
+          finished(false),
+          mutex() {}
+
+    AsyncGenerator<T> source;
+    IsNext is_next;
+    T previous_value;
+    Future<T> waiting_future;
+    std::priority_queue<Result<T>, std::vector<Result<T>>, WrappedComp> queue;
+    bool finished;
+    util::Mutex mutex;
+  };
+
+  class Callback {
+   public:
+    explicit Callback(std::shared_ptr<State> state) : state_(std::move(state)) 
{}
+
+    void operator()(const Result<T> result) {
+      Future<T> to_deliver;
+      bool finished;
+      {
+        auto guard = state_->mutex.Lock();
+        bool ready_to_deliver = false;
+        if (!result.ok()) {
+          while (!state_->queue.empty()) {
+            state_->queue.pop();
+          }
+          ready_to_deliver = true;
+          state_->finished = true;
+        } else if (IsIterationEnd<T>(result.ValueUnsafe())) {
+          ready_to_deliver = state_->queue.empty();
+          state_->finished = true;
+        } else {
+          ready_to_deliver = state_->is_next(state_->previous_value, *result);
+        }
+
+        if (ready_to_deliver && state_->waiting_future.is_valid()) {
+          to_deliver = state_->waiting_future;
+          if (result.ok()) {
+            state_->previous_value = *result;
+          }
+        } else {
+          state_->queue.push(result);
+        }
+        finished = state_->finished;
+      }
+      if (to_deliver.is_valid()) {
+        to_deliver.MarkFinished(result);
+      } else {
+        if (!finished) {
+          state_->source().AddCallback(Callback{state_});
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const std::shared_ptr<State> state_;
+  };
+
+  const std::shared_ptr<State> state_;
+};
+
+/// \brief Buffers an AsyncGenerator to return values in sequence order  Comp 
and IsNext
+/// determine the sequence order.
+///
+/// Comp should be STL Compare 
https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Compare It
+/// should return true only if a is later than b

Review comment:
       Yes, we want a specific kind of Compare anyways.  The STL language is 
very confusing "if the first argument of the call appears before the second in 
the strict weak ordering relation induced by this type".  The "strict weak 
ordering relation" in this case is largest-to-smallest so the bigger item comes 
before the smaller in the relation. I went ahead and just made it plain English.
   
   A priority queue with std::less (smallest-to-largest) puts the largest item 
on top and std::greater (largest-to-smallest) puts the smallest on top.  Since 
we want the smallest it is more of a "greater than" relationship.
   
   I renamed it to ComesAfter.




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