hadrian-reppas commented on code in PR #46961:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/46961#discussion_r2194901900


##########
python/pyarrow/tests/test_dataset.py:
##########
@@ -451,6 +487,67 @@ def test_dataset(dataset, dataset_reader):
     assert_dataset_fragment_convenience_methods(dataset)
 
 
+def test_dataset_factory_inspect_schema_promotion(promotable_mockfs):
+    mockfs, path1, path2 = promotable_mockfs
+    factory = ds.FileSystemDatasetFactory(
+        mockfs, [path1, path2], ds.ParquetFileFormat()
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        pa.ArrowTypeError,
+        match='Unable to merge: Field value has incompatible types: int8 vs 
uint16',
+    ):
+        factory.inspect()
+
+    schema = factory.inspect(promote_options='permissive')
+    expected_schema = pa.schema([
+        pa.field('value', pa.int32()),
+        pa.field('dictionary', pa.dictionary(pa.int16(), pa.string())),
+    ])
+    assert schema.equals(expected_schema)
+    dataset = factory.finish(schema)
+    table = dataset.to_table()
+    expected_table = pa.table({
+        'value': pa.chunked_array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], type=pa.int32()),
+        'dictionary': pa.chunked_array([
+            pa.DictionaryArray.from_arrays(
+                pa.array([0, 1], type=pa.int16()),
+                ['a', 'b']
+            ),
+            pa.DictionaryArray.from_arrays(
+                pa.array([1, 0], type=pa.int16()),
+                ['d', 'c']
+            )
+        ]),
+    })
+    assert table.equals(expected_table)
+
+    # Inspecting only one fragment should not promote the 'value' field
+    inspected_schema_one_frag = factory.inspect(
+        promote_options='permissive', fragments=1)
+    assert inspected_schema_one_frag.field('value').type != pa.int32()

Review Comment:
   According to the `InspectOptions` docstring,
   
   >   The default value of `1` inspects the schema of the first (in no 
particular order) fragment only.
   
   So we don't know which fragment is going to be inspected and which schema 
we'll get (even though in practice, I've only ever gotten the first one in the 
list of paths). So I'm just checking that we aren't getting the unified schema.



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