scovich commented on code in PR #9021:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/9021#discussion_r2640201636


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parquet-variant-compute/src/decoder.rs:
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@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use arrow_array::{Array, StructArray};
+use arrow_json::{DecoderFactory, StructMode};
+use parquet_variant::{ObjectFieldBuilder, Variant, VariantBuilder, 
VariantBuilderExt};
+use crate::{VariantArrayBuilder, VariantType};
+use arrow_data::ArrayData;
+use arrow_schema::{ArrowError, DataType, FieldRef};
+
+use arrow_json::reader::ArrayDecoder;
+use arrow_json::reader::{Tape, TapeElement};
+
+/// An [`ArrayDecoder`] implementation that decodes JSON values into a Variant 
array.
+///
+/// This decoder converts JSON tape elements (parsed JSON tokens) into Parquet 
Variant
+/// format, preserving the full structure of arbitrary JSON including nested 
objects,
+/// arrays, and primitive types.
+///
+/// This decoder is typically used indirectly via 
[`VariantArrayDecoderFactory`] when
+/// reading JSON data into Variant columns.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct VariantArrayDecoder;
+
+impl ArrayDecoder for VariantArrayDecoder {
+    fn decode(&mut self, tape: &Tape<'_>, pos: &[u32]) -> Result<ArrayData, 
ArrowError> {
+        let mut array_builder = VariantArrayBuilder::new(pos.len());
+        for p in pos {
+            let mut builder = VariantBuilder::new();
+            variant_from_tape_element(&mut builder, *p, tape)?;
+            let (metadata, value) = builder.finish();
+            array_builder.append_value(Variant::new(&metadata, &value));
+        }
+        let variant_struct_array: StructArray = array_builder.build().into();
+        Ok(variant_struct_array.into_data())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A [`DecoderFactory`] that creates [`VariantArrayDecoder`] instances for 
Variant-typed fields.
+///
+/// This factory integrates with the Arrow JSON reader to automatically decode 
JSON values
+/// into Variant arrays when the target field is registered as a 
[`VariantType`] extension type.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// use arrow_json::reader::ReaderBuilder;
+/// use arrow_json::StructMode;
+/// use std::sync::Arc;
+///
+/// let builder = ReaderBuilder::new(Arc::new(schema));
+/// let reader = builder
+///     .with_struct_mode(StructMode::ObjectOnly)
+///     .with_decoder_factory(Arc::new(VariantArrayDecoderFactory))
+///     .build(json_input)?;
+/// ```
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub struct VariantArrayDecoderFactory;
+
+impl DecoderFactory for VariantArrayDecoderFactory {
+    fn make_default_decoder<'a>(&self, field: Option<FieldRef>, 
+        _data_type: DataType,
+        _coerce_primitive: bool,
+        _strict_mode: bool,
+        _is_nullable: bool,
+        _struct_mode: StructMode,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Box<dyn ArrayDecoder>>, ArrowError> {
+        if let Some(field) = field && 
field.try_extension_type::<VariantType>().is_ok() {

Review Comment:
   My comment was more about the extension type API, less about your code 
that's forced to use what we currently have. Sorry if that was unclear. 
   
   I don't think it's enough to just check the extension name. The extension 
may involve other metadata and also has opinions about which physical data 
types are valid. I suppose we could do a hybrid -- only try to instantiate the 
extension type if the name matches?
   
   



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