westonpace commented on a change in pull request #11982:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/11982#discussion_r809469564



##########
File path: format/FlightSql.proto
##########
@@ -867,6 +867,167 @@ enum SqlSupportsConvert {
   SQL_CONVERT_VARCHAR = 19;
 }
 
+enum SqlDataType {
+  SQL_TYPE_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 0;
+  SQL_TYPE_CHAR = 1;
+  SQL_TYPE_NUMERIC = 2;
+  SQL_TYPE_DECIMAL = 3;
+  SQL_TYPE_INTEGER = 4;
+  SQL_TYPE_SMALLINT = 5;
+  SQL_TYPE_FLOAT = 6;
+  SQL_TYPE_REAL = 7;
+  SQL_TYPE_DOUBLE = 8;
+  SQL_TYPE_DATETIME = 9;
+  SQL_TYPE_INTERVAL = 10;
+  SQL_TYPE_VARCHAR = 12;
+}
+
+enum SqlDatetimeSubcode {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_UNKNOWN = 0;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_YEAR = 1;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_DATE = 1;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_TIME = 2;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_MONTH = 2;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_TIMESTAMP = 3;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_DAY = 3;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_TIME_WITH_TIMEZONE = 4;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_HOUR = 4;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_TIMESTAMP_WITH_TIMEZONE = 5;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_MINUTE = 5;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_SECOND = 6;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_YEAR_TO_MONTH = 7;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_DAY_TO_HOUR = 8;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_DAY_TO_MINUTE = 9;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_DAY_TO_SECOND = 10;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_HOUR_TO_MINUTE = 11;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_HOUR_TO_SECOND = 12;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_MINUTE_TO_SECOND = 13;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_YEAR = 101;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_MONTH = 102;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY = 103;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_HOUR = 104;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_MINUTE = 105;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_SECOND = 106;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_YEAR_TO_MONTH = 107;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_HOUR = 108;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_MINUTE = 109;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_DAY_TO_SECOND = 110;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_HOUR_TO_MINUTE = 111;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_HOUR_TO_SECOND = 112;
+  SQL_SUBCODE_INTERVAL_MINUTE_TO_SECOND = 113;
+}
+
+enum Nullable {
+  /**
+   * Indicates that the fields does not allow the use of null values.
+   */
+  NULLABILITY_NO_NULLS = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates that the fields allow the use of null values.
+   */
+  NULLABILITY_NULLABLE = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates that nullability of the fields can not be determined.
+   */
+  NULLABILITY_UNKNOWN = 2;
+}
+
+enum Searchable {
+  /**
+   * Indicates that column can not be used in a WHERE clause.
+   */
+  SEARCHABLE_NONE = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates that the column can be used in a WHERE clause if it is using a
+   * LIKE predicate.
+   */
+  SEARCHABLE_CHAR = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates that the column can be used in a WHERE clause using other 
predicates
+   * except for LIKE.
+   *
+   * - Allowed operators: comparison, quantified comparison, BETWEEN,
+   *                      DISTINCT, IN, MATCH, and UNIQUE.
+   */
+  SEARCHABLE_BASIC = 2;
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates that the column can be used in a WHERE clause using any 
operator.
+   */
+  SEARCHABLE_FULL = 3;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Represents a request to retrieve information about data type supported on a 
Flight SQL enabled backend.
+ * Used in the command member of FlightDescriptor for the following RPC calls:
+ *  - GetSchema: return the schema of the query.
+ *  - GetFlightInfo: execute the catalog metadata request.
+ *
+ * The returned schema will be:
+ * <
+ *   type_name: utf8 not null (The name of the data type, for example: 
VARCHAR, INTEGER, etc),
+ *   data_type: int not null (The SQL data type),
+ *   column_size: int (The maximum size supported by that column.
+ *                     In case of numeric types, this represents the maximum 
precision.
+ *                     In case of string types, this represents the character 
length.
+ *                     In case of datetime data types, this represents the 
length in characters of the string representation.
+ *                     NULL is returned for data types where column size is 
not applicable.),
+ *   literal_prefix: utf8 (Character or characters used to prefix a literal, 
NULL is returned for
+ *                         data types where a literal prefix is not 
applicable.),
+ *   literal_suffix: utf8 (Character or characters used to terminate a literal,
+ *                         NULL is returned for data types where a literal 
suffix is not applicable.),
+ *   create_params: list<utf8 not null>
+ *                        (A list of keywords corresponding to which 
parameters can be used when creating
+ *                         a column for that specific type.
+ *                         NULL is returned if there are no parameters for the 
data type definition.),
+ *   nullable: int not null (Shows if the data type accepts a NULL value. The 
possible values can be seen in the
+ *                           Nullable enum.),
+ *   case_sensitive: bool not null (Shows if a character data type is 
case-sensitive in collations and comparisons),
+ *   searchable: int not null (Shows how the data type is used in a WHERE 
clause. The possible values can be seen in the
+ *                             Searchable enum.),
+ *   unsigned_attribute: bool (Shows if the data type is unsigned. NULL is 
returned if the attribute is
+ *                             not applicable to the data type or the data 
type is not numeric.),
+ *   fixed_prec_scale: bool not null (Shows if the data type has predefined 
fixed precision and scale.),

Review comment:
       There is also a slight difference in semantics when `fixed_prec_scale` 
is true.  `MONEY` can generally be thought of as a decimal with precision 19 
and scale 4 but consider this example on SQL Server 2017...
   
   ```
   CREATE TABLE sample (mon MONEY, deci DECIMAL(19, 4));
   INSERT INTO sample (mon, deci) VALUES (1, 1);
   SELECT mon / 100000, deci / 100000 FROM sample;
   ```
   
   This will return:
   
   | mon / 100000 | deci / 100000 |
   | ------------- | ------------- |
   | 0  | 0.00001  |
   
   This is because (I believe) a data type with `fixed_prec_scale = true` is 
not allowed to be widened as a natural result of arithmetic operations.
   




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