gabotechs opened a new pull request, #24826:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/24826

   ## Which issue does this PR close?
   
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   - Closes #.
   
   ## Rationale for this change
   
   <!--
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the issue then this section is not needed.
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user-visible
   behavior, rather than the implementation.
   
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   implementation. "COUNT(DISTINCT) returns wrong results when the column 
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   The `ComposedPhysicalExtensionCodec` allowed to register multiple codecs, 
which are tried one by one until one works. When one works, the index of the 
list that occupies the codec that works is stored in the encoded payload for 
later decoding:
   
   ```text
   ## Encoding
   
   [
     MyFirstCodec,  <- tried, but did not work
     MySecondCodec, <- tried, but did not work
     MyThirdCodec, <- tried, and it work, store index 2 in payload
     MyFourthCodec
   ]
   
   payload { index: 2, data: ... }
   
   ## Decoding
   
   payload { index: 2, data: ... }
   
   [
     MyFirstCodec,
     MySecondCodec,
     MyThirdCodec, <- index is 2, just this codec is attempted
     MyFourthCodec
   ]
   ```
   
   The issue with this setup is that codecs can only be added to the end of the 
list, otherwise, while decoding, the index will be messed up and decoding will 
fail. In a setup with progressive rollouts this is very likely to happen.
   
   While working in a small team, it's reasonable to expect developers to 
behave and just add new codecs at the end, however, when there are many teams 
contributing to the same list, with a non-centralized piece of code that has 
mutable access to it, it's easy to be in the situation where new codecs are not 
added at the end.
   
   ## What changes are included in this PR?
   
   <!--
   There is no need to duplicate the description in the issue here, but it is 
sometimes worth providing a summary of the individual changes in this PR.
   -->
   
   Introduces a new `ComposedNamedPhysicalExtensionCodec` that identifies 
encoded payloads by codec name instead of by index in a list. This way, 
registration order does not matter, and this problem becomes irrepresentable:
   
   ```text
   ## Encoding
   
   {
     "MyFirstCodec": MyFirstCodec,  <- tried, but did not work
     "MySecondCodec": MySecondCodec, <- tried, but did not work
     "MyThirdCodec": MyThirdCodec, <- it worked!
     "MyFourthCodec": MyFourthCodec
   }
   
   payload { name: "MyThirdCodec", data: ... }
   
   ## Decoding
   
   payload { index: "MyThirdCodec", data: ... }
   
   {
     "MyFourthCodec": MyFourthCodec,
     "MyThirdCodec": MyThirdCodec, <- use this one, no matter the order
     "MyFirstCodec": MyFirstCodec,
     "MySecondCodec": MySecondCodec
   }
   ```
   
   
   ## What is the testing strategy for this PR?
   
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   1. Prevent the code from being accidentally broken by subsequent changes
   2. Serve as another way to document the expected behavior of the code
   
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added. For example: 'This new feature is covered by the `sqllogictest` cases 
added in `foo.slt`'.
   
   If this PR does not add tests, explain why. For example, if the change is 
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   TODO
   
   ## Are there any user-facing changes?
   
   <!--
   If there are user-facing changes then we may require documentation to be 
updated before approving the PR.
   
   If there are any breaking changes to public APIs, please add the `api 
change` label.
   -->
   
   New `ComposedNamedPhysicalExtensionCodec` is added to the public API, while 
keeping the previous `ComposedPhysicalExtensionCodec` still available.
   


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