osipovartem opened a new pull request, #24971:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/24971

   ## Which issue does this PR close?
   
   - Closes #24970.
   
   ## Rationale for this change
   
   `INSERT` currently aligns source expressions with target columns by storage 
`DataType` only. If both fields use the same storage type but the target is an 
Arrow extension type, the cast is skipped and the DML projection loses the 
target extension metadata. A table sink can then receive a schema that does not 
describe the target logical type.
   
   ## What changes are included in this PR?
   
   After storage-type coercion, compare the resulting field metadata with the 
target table field. When they differ, use the existing field-aware `Cast` 
representation to enforce the target metadata. Existing casts are replaced 
rather than nested.
   
   The regression uses an unannotated `FixedSizeBinary(16)` source and an 
`arrow.uuid` target so the behavior is independent of any particular downstream 
consumer. Existing parameterized UUID INSERT snapshots are updated to show the 
target field-aware cast.
   
   ## What is the testing strategy for this PR?
   
   - Added `plan_insert_preserves_target_extension_metadata`.
   - Ran all 575 `datafusion-sql` integration tests.
   - Ran `cargo clippy -p datafusion-sql --all-targets --all-features -- -D 
warnings`.
   - Ran `cargo fmt --all -- --check`.
   
   ## Are there any user-facing changes?
   
   Yes. SQL `INSERT` plans now preserve target Arrow field metadata, including 
extension metadata. There are no public API changes.


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