A book just published in Lisbon "Salazar-Kennedy: A crise de uma alian�a"
(The crisis of an alliance) by Luis Nuno Rodrigues (Ed. Not�cias, 2002)
deals with the case of Goa in pp. 310-157.

Here follow some of the issues treated:

The Kennedy administration gave only verbal assurances of its political and
diplomatic support to the Portuguese in case of an armed attack on
Portuguese colonies (incl. Goa) but despite Portuguese insistence, refused
at all times to put them in writing or to make these assurance officially
public.

The anti-colonialism seminar held in Delhi from Oct. 20, 1961 is given much
importance for the inaugural speech of Nehru, in which he openly declared
that armed intervention was not ruled out. Americans took it as meant for
domestic" consumption on the eve of national elections. Following Nehru's
visit to Washington, the Portuguese wanted to know what had transpired. They
were told that Nerhu had not problems with public opinion at home about Goa
and that "most Indians did not even know of the existence of Goa"! When the
Portuguese Foreign Minsiter Franco Nogueira was asked if Goa was very
important for Portugal, he answered that it had no commercial importance,
but only historical, moral and psychological. He added: "Goans do not want
to be Indian [...] and the Catholics in particular fear the consequences of
any merger into India". So also the "Hindus who occupy important economic
position in Goa and control most business would have much to lose by
incorporation into India". The American Secretary of State, Dean Rusk,
wanted to know what Portugal's position would be if India opted for
referendum. Franco Nogueira dismissed the suggestion as unacceptable to
Portugal if it was conducted under United Nations auspices.

Galbraith, American ambassador in India, tried his level best to convince
Nerhu to postpone the use of force by 6 months in order to give time to
Amrican diplomacy. Nehru saw it as coming too late and without any
assurances of success to bring the Portuguese to the negotiating table. He
also conveyed to the American ambassador that Goa and Angola were seen by
him as one piece of the worst brand of colonialism. he also brought to the
notice the Indian public opinion infuriated by the violent reactions of the
Portuguese administration in Goa against the satyagrahis. American diplomacy
voted in favour of Portugal in Security Council, but there was not much to
be done against the Russian veto. Portugal threatened to abandon UN and to
renew the lease of strategic Lages air-base in Azores to the US. In the
meantime the US continued voting in the UN in favour of descolonization of
the Portuguese colonies in Africa, and conveyed to Portugal that it should
not live out of historic context" which demanded self-determination for the
colonial populations and that any of its negative decisions in UN would only
harm the Portuguese interests in the long run.

The fall of Goa witnessed street marches in Lisbon. US and English flags were dragged 
on streets and banners calling for death to Nehru, UN and to US were also visible. 
American and English embassies were provided added security attempts of assaults.
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