Frederick Thought I will share this research on another of our school luminaries: Professor Klaus de Albuquerque with you. As it is not an attachment, it may lose formatting.
1) Was cheered to discover this 'Ex-student Luminary', who turned out to be an eminent 'Caribbeanologist'. He developed and mastered a huge 'appetite' for Rastafarianism. What endeared him to the Caribbean, is still an enigma to me. Should anyone know, would be grateful if you can share it with me please. 2) Although, he was raised and schooled in Mombasa, and to my knowledge, was a proud 'native' East African, you will see from this research, that he was more of a 'Son of the Caribbean' than East Africa. 3) He has left his rich legacy as a respected scholar and authority on *all* issues 'Caribbean', as seen in his assorted books and publications, which are still used as reference material to date, by governments, academics, researchers and students alike. Am proud, that he was one of our number. *Would like to take this opportunity of wishing you every Blessing in the New Year, 2019.* Marci Pereira Project: "Archiving Memories of Mombasa Goan School/Sacred Heart School" E-mail: <[email protected]> 28 December 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *School Ex-student Luminary (3) : Professor Klaus de Albuquerque **(1946 to 1999)* *(by Marci Pereira Project: “Archiving Memories of Mombasa Goan School/Sacred Heart School” – May 2017)* *a) Early Memories in Mombasa* Klaus was born in Kampala in 1946 but raised and schooled in Mombasa. He achieved his Senior Cambridge School Certificate at the *Sacred Heart School* in 1962. He being younger, (I finished in 1958), I have vague memories of him as being friendly and easy going. If we met, it would be mainly at the *Holy Ghost Church* in Mombasa, where I was an altar-boy. Often, before services, several of our mates used to congregate outside the sacristy for chats and banter. This is where I remember Klaus best ~ his fair skin, fluent English, jovial, easy, chatty demeanour. I knew he did not live on the island of Mombasa itself, but somewhere on the mainland, in the Changamwe direction. *b) Career Development in the USA* My research shows that after the *Sacred Heart School*, and a further 2 years at the *Allidina Visram School*, Klaus left for higher education in the USA in 1964. Interestingly, as will be seen from his bio, summarised in the *Goan Overseas Digest* obituary attached herein, (Klaus passed away on 10 December 1999), he pursued an agriculture-related course to begin with, at the *California State University* and followed that up with a Masters Degree in *Poultry Science*. I was vaguely aware that his father owned a large “Shamba” (farm or estate) in Mombasa and therefore finding this agricultural link, did not surprise me. Also, the Digest bio does state that his father was “in chicken farming in Mombasa”!!! That explains. I suspect, his father may have been preparing him for a life back in Kenya. Not too dissimilar from myself, having opted to do a Masters in *‘Tropical Agricultural Engineering’* after graduating in Mechanical Engineering, in the hope of returning to Kenya. All that went overboard with the political developments that followed in Kenya/Uganda from the mid-sixties. What did surprise me however, in my research, was to note Klaus switch discipline to *‘Sociology and Anthropology’*, which is diametrically opposed, I would have thought, to his agricultural qualifications, earlier. I picked up no mention on whether he did practice agriculture before switching disciplines. The *Goan Overseas Digest* obituary hints he moved straight over. I am most curious to find out what prompted him in that change. However, I note, the two disciplines do complement his chosen career and work, thereafter. Following his appointment as the Professor of Sociology, at the *College of Charleston,* in South Carolina, USA, in 1976, he proves himself to be an outstanding scholar, researcher, writer and lecturer. *c) Renowned ‘Caribbeanologist’* As per my research, after his Doctorate in Sociology, his first work assignments were in the West Indies, with a huge focus on the *Rastafarian Movement!!!* ~ its politics, culture, impact in the region and even forecasting its future. Casting my eye over Table 3 ~ *Selection of Books, Papers, Reviews and Articles Published* ~ I note that in the period 1975 to 1980, Klaus produced 3 books *plus* a paper on the *Rastafarians*. Furthermore, I also came across mention that the title of his PhD thesis at the *Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University* was: “*Millenarian Movements and the Politics of Liberation: The Rastafarians of Jamaica”*. That study includes: *“A Rastafari and Raggae Bibliography”!!!* My curiosity runs deep. Where did his fascination for the *Rastafarians* stem from? Was it at university, having befriended someone from Jamaica or the Caribbean perhaps? Or may be, love of Raggae Music ~ Bob Marley et al? It is even more puzzling that although he was not a native of that region, 24 of the 27 seminal publications listed in Table 3, relate to issues in the Caribbean such as: Inter-Island Migration; Demography; Tourism Strategies; Socio-Economic Impact of Political Change, Agriculture, Drugs, Crime, Gender Equality etc… His rich legacy still lives on as his work continues to be a vital reference source, to modern day students, on the Caribbean. Based on the subject matter of his work, which clearly demonstrates his strong affiliation to, and deep understanding of that region, it will not be amiss to describe Klaus, as a *“Son of the Caribbean”.* Probably more so, than East Africa. From my research, he is *‘An Outstanding Caribbeanologist’.* What an honour for this fellow *Mombasa Goan School/Sacred Heart School ex-student.* *d) Parallels between East Africa and the Caribbean* I have been trying to figure out how his deep love and attachment to the Caribbean will have come about. There are similarities with East Africa, where he was born and schooled: i) Both geographical regions were formerly parts of the British Empire. Hence, systems of colonial administration would be quite similar and in the same language. ii) Like East Africa, the ethnic mix of citizens comprised of people of African, European and Asian origin, in many parts of the Caribbean. iii) East Africa and the Caribbean would be termed ‘developing countries’ and hence the challenges for advancement would not be too dissimilar. Based on these similarities, it may be no big surprise, that he adapted so well to the Caribbean. I have no doubt that Klaus, that multi-gifted and illustrious ex-student, will have been a success *wherever* he went, and with *whatever* he did. We see from his work, that his genuine concerns for the advancement, welfare, social justice and inequalities towards the poor, were the same wherever he went. His upbringing in East Africa will have provided him with ‘real-life experiences’ when he took on the Caribbean challenge. His life on a farm in Mombasa and subsequent agricultural studies, will have given him a good insight into the problems confronted by rural communities in developing situations. His work shows he proposed visionary ways to address problems. His accomplishments, understanding, knowledge, insight and contribution to wide ranging development issues, relating to the Caribbean, are highly regarded and respected to this day. *e) International Scholar* Apart from his links with East Africa and the Caribbean, Klaus also made an impact in Papua New Guinea (PNG)!!! He spent some years at the PNG University in the *‘Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research’*. There he published two books and a Paper. His first book was: *“Social Implications of Population Growth in Papua New Guinea, 1980~1985”*. His paper: *“Spatial Inequalities in Papua New Guinea”* was co-authored with Eddie D’Sa, a lecturer at the PNG University, (later the Editor of the *Goan Overseas Digest*), who by all accounts, appears to have known Klaus well. He states in the obituary, that Klaus returned to the USA because of a “virulent strain of malaria”. *f) Prolific Writer* *Table 3: Selection of Books, Papers, Reviews & Articles Published* by Klaus, gives a good measure of what a prolific, scholarly writer he was. That listing is only a *selection* extracted from my research. I expect there must be many more that I have not come across. He commanded the respect of politicians, academics and the media alike for his seminal works. Being a statistical researcher, he offered hard research-based evidence when putting his arguments forward. I also came across the following two co-authors, who jointly undertook research with Klaus, and knew him well: * i) **Professor Jerome L McElroy*, Professor of Economics, *St Mary’s College, Notre Dame,* * Indiana, USA* *ii)* *Dr Eddie D’Sa,* Lecturer at *Papua New Guinea University* *i) Professor Jerome L McElroy (1937 ~ 2014):* Is described as “… a long-time friend and collaborator” of Klaus de Albuquerque. He too had an active interest in the Caribbean, having worked in Belize and the US Virgin Islands!!! US Virgin Islands? That is where I probably think the two must have met, as Klaus too had worked there. Professor McElroy, I found out, had similar work interests as Klaus, although his focus was on the economics of ‘*world islands’*. The two of them collaborated on over 40 articles concerning inter-island migration, sustainable small-scale agriculture, the impact of island tourism, socio-economic and political effects and patterns of crime in the Caribbean. One being an Economist and the other a Sociologist, their respective academic disciplines dovetailed well in this partnership. Professor McElroy has also published short narrative and lyrical poetry (140 poems) in a number of US literary magazines. Two of his poems in honour and memory of Klaus: *a) “A Tribute to Klaus de Albuquerque”* b) *“Sarcoma Season”,* are included herein. *ii) Eddie D’Sa:* Worked at the *University of Papua New Guinea* and collaborated with Klaus on their joint-paper entitled: *“Spatial Inequalities in Papua New Guinea: A District-level Analysis”.* My research shows that he was later the Editor of the *‘Goan Overseas Digest’* and in 2000, wrote the obituary on Klaus in the Digest, that same year. That tribute shows that he new Klaus and his family well. *g) Concluding Remarks* 1) Another of Klaus’ confidantes will have been his son ~ Aneel James de Albuquerque ~ who would have been at the tender age of 13 or so, when his dad passed away. As per the obituary by Eddie D’Sa, Klaus was close to his son and did produce an unpublished 177-page Memoir, strictly for Aneel, that was distributed to close network of family and friends, before he passed away. My research picked up mention of the “*De Albuquerque Klaus Trust”, *presumably set up by the family in his honour. 2) This outstanding *Mombasa Goan School/Sacred Heart school* ex-student has left a lasting legacy of his academic and scholarly excellence, evident from his numerous publications. However, he has left me with many unanswered questions: *i) What made him switch educational disciplines? ii) Did he practice agriculture before moving to Sociology? iii) How did his affiliation to the Caribbean/Rastafarians come about? iv) His interest in Papua New Guinea, what triggered that off? v) Did he return to Kenya/Uganda after leaving in 1964? vi) Did he keep in touch with any members of the school community, since leaving school? Probably, I will never know. Sadly, like that supermarket slogan goes: * *“When they are gone they are gone”. * *Obituary: Professor Klaus de Albuquerque* *[by Eddie D’Sa ~ Editor ~ Goan Overseas Digest, Issue 8.1 (2000)] * *Professor Klaus de Albuquerque* *[Professor Klaus de Albuquerque *died on 10 December 1999 after a three-year battle with cancer. He was on the Advisory Panel of the Digest for several years and contributed a number of articles, the last in January 1999. Klaus was born in Uganda in 1946 of a Goan father and German mother. He schooled in Mombasa and left for higher studies in the US in 1964. He acquired the Masters in Agriculture in 1968. He then switched to Sociology, taking the MS and then the PhD at Virginia State University in 1976. He joined the College of Charleston in South Carolina at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. He taught courses like Development of Social thought, Race & Ethnic Relations, Urban Sociology and Population and Society. He was full time Professor there until his death. Klaus published scores of original articles, reviews and reports. He had a special interest in tourism in the Caribbean and wrote on various aspects (development models, crime, drugs and the behaviour of female tourists). But Klaus had wider literary interests. He was deeply attached to the East African region and has written vividly about his life there. An account of his early years in Kenya appeared in the US based journal ‘Transition (issue 73, 1998)’. A shorter version appeared in two parts in the Digest (Oct 98, Jan 99) under the heading *‘Growing up in Colonial Kenya’*. There was a fine review *‘Saving Africa from the Africans’* in the literary journal ‘Wasafiri (1998)’. It was a critique of Hollywood representations of Africans in films. Another delightful piece, *‘On Golliwogs and Flit Pumps’*, appeared in ‘Jouvert (1998)’. It recounts how assorted British products foisted on colonial subjects became household names. Klaus’ research output was considerable. Though he could not make it to the millennium, at least five of his articles are due to be published this year, four of them on tourism. I first met Klaus in 1984 in Papua New Guinea in 1984 where I taught at the University. Klaus had joined the Institute of Applied Social & Economic Research. We soon undertook joint research work. He had to cut short his stay in PNG because he caught a virulent strain of malaria. But we kept much in touch. Klaus’s paternal grandfather, John Baptista, was business minded. He came to Africa in late 19th century and began trading in hides and skins in Kericho (Kenya). Klaus’ father Alfonso was the second of eight children, six of them girls. Alfonso trained as a barrister but later gave it up in favour of chicken farming in Mombasa. There were two children, Klaus and an older girl, Claudia. Klaus had just one son, Aneel, now about 13. Though his marriage ended in divorce, the couple stayed on good terms. His ex-wife came down to Charleston when Klaus’ condition was getting worse and his son (who lives with the mother in New Jersey) visited Klaus regularly. Aneel kept asking him about life in East Africa, relatives and so on. Klaus obliged by writing a highly readable 177-page account *‘A Colonial Boyhood: Growing up in Three Different Worlds’* just for his son. There are some 100 photos of family, relatives, friends and places of interest. It was published in September 1999 and copies were distributed to relatives and friends. To those who knew him, Klaus was a kind, warm hearted and generous person, deeply concerned about issues of social justice. Aneel must no doubt feel proud to have had such a father.*]* [*Eddie D’Sa, Editor: Goan Overseas Digest Issue 8.1 (2000)] * *Table 1: Educational History* *Item* *Year* *School**/College/**University* *Comments* 1.0 1.0* 1962 1963 -1964 Senior Cambridge School Certificate *Sacred Heart School* Allidina Visram High School, Mombasa Mombasa, Kenya A-Levels 2.0 1968 Bachelor Degree in Agriculture *California State University* California USA 3.0 xxxx Masters Degree in Poultry Science *California State University* California USA 4.0 1976 PhD in Sociology *Virginia Polytechnic & State University* Virginia USA *Table 2: Work History* *Item* *Year* *Institution* *Comments* 1.0 xxxx *Clarendon College* Jamaica Jamaica 2.0 xxxx *College of the US Virgin Islands* (USVI) St. Thomas USVI 3.0 xxxx *University of the West Indies* Barbados Barbados 4.0 1980/ 1985 *Institute of Applied, Social & Economic Research* Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 5.0 xxxx *Wofford College* Spartanburg, South Carolina USA 6.0 1976 through to 1999 *College of Charleston* *Department of Sociology & Anthropology* South Carolina USA *7.0 1994 **(One academic year)** *University of West Indies* *Department of Government, Sociology & Social Work* **(Visiting Fulbright Scholar & Professor)** *St Augustine Trinidad & Tobago* *Table 3 : Selection of Books, Papers, Reviews, Reports & Articles Published* *by Klaus de Albuquerque* *Item* *Year* *Title* *Publication* 1.0 1975 Youth & Politics in Jamaica: On the Role of “Political” and “Functional” Rastafarians Book 2.0 1977 Millenarian Movements and the Politics of Liberation: The Rastafarians of Jamaica Book 3.0 1979 The Future of the Rastafarian Movement Paper 4.0 1980 Rastafarian & The Cultural Identity in the Caribbean Book 5.0 1980 Uncontrolled Urbanization in the Developing World: A Jamaican Case Study Paper 6.0 1980 A Comparative Study of Violent Crimes in the Caribbean Book 7.0 1981 West Indian Migration to the US Virgin Islands: Demographic Impacts and Socio-Economic Consequences Book 8.0 1984 A Comparative Analysis of Violent Crime in the Caribbean Book 9.0 1985 Social Implications of Population Growth in Papua New Guinea (1980 – 1985) Co-Author: Mariget Tauge Book 10.0 1986 The Impact of Net Migration between Independence and the 1980 Census on the Age and Sex Structure of Papua New Guinea Provinces Book 11.0 1986 Spatial Inequalities in Papua New Guinea: A District Level Analysis Co-Author: Eddie D’Sa Paper 12.0 1986 The Tourism Demonstration Effect in the Caribbean by Jerome L McElroy & Klaus de Albuquerque Article: Journal of Travel Research 13.0 1988 Turks & Caicos Islanders by Jerome L McElroy & Klaus de Albuquerque Paper 14.0 1989 Correlates of Race, Ethnicity and National Origin in the US Virgin Islands Paper 15.0 1990 “Is We Carnival”: Cultural Traditions under stress in the US Virgin Islands Paper 16.0 1992 The Economic Impact of Retirement Tourism in Montserrat by Jerome L McElroy & Klaus de Albuquerque Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social & Economic Studies 17.0 1994 “Tourism in the Caribbean – Report by Price Waterhouse” Critique by Klaus de Albuquerque The Cruise Ship Industry 18.0 1995 Antigua & Barbuda: A Legacy of Environmental Degradation, Policy Failure & Coastal Decline by Klaus de Albuquerque & Jerome L McElroy Book (USAID) 19.0 1995 Tourism Development in Small Islands: St Maarten/St Martin en Bermuda by Klaus de Albuquerque Paper 20.0 1996 “The Internet & Access Question: Computers & Technology by Klaus de Albuquerque Article: Caribbean Week 21.0 1998 Five Part Series: “Drugs & The Caribbean” By Klaus de Albuquerque Article Series: Caribbean Week 22.0 1999 Tourism and Crime in the Caribbean by Klaus de Albuquerque Paper 23.0 1999 Race, Ethnicity & Social Stratification in Three Windward Islands: (Dominica, St Lucia & St Vincent) by Klaus de Albuquerque & Jerome L McElroy Paper *Publications (after his death on 10th December 1999)* 24.0 2001 Visitor Harassment: Barbados Survey Results by Jerome L McElroy & Klaus de Albuquerque Article: Annals of Tourism Research 25.0 2003 Story: “GOLIATH” by Klaus de Albuquerque (Edited by Jerome L McElroy) Published by “Estate of Klaus de Albuquerque 26.0 2008 Sustainable Small-Scale Agriculture in Small Caribbean Islands by Jerome L McElroy & Klaus de Albuquerque Article: Society of Natural Resources 27.0 2008 Caribbean Dispatches: Beyond the Tourist Dream Klaus de Albuquerque ~ *One of 28 Writers * Published by: Jamaica Gleaner *Dedication to Professor Klaus de Albuquerque * *(in 300-page book published in 2003)* *entitled* *“Tourism in the Caribbean” * *Edited by Prof. David Timothy Duval from the University of Otago* *“In honour of his many contributions, both scholarly and personal, this book is dedicated to * *Klaus de Albuquerque, * *formerly Professor of Sociology of the College of Charleston, South Carolina, USA”.* *Preface in the book by the Editor, Professor David Duval* *“It is particularly fitting that the book is being dedicated to one of the most respected Caribbean Scholars of the last century. The work of Klaus de Albuquerque made an immense impression on me personally as a young graduate student. I was fortunate enough to befriend Klaus in 1998 in Antigua and subsequently learn from his vast experience and insights into both tourism and the wider economic framework of the Caribbean as a whole. His passing was troubling, both personally and professionally.”* *Poem by Professor Jerome L McElroy* *described as “Long-time Friend, Co-Author and Collaborator of Klaus de Albuquerque”* *appeared in the book: Tourism in the Caribbean* *“Klaus de Albuquerque (1946 ~ 1999)”* His name was like an archipelago, His skin a blend of German India, His blood laced with Mombasa brine A multi-layered fabric fashioned >From the whole earth catalogue. Once the data were assembled He could draft a paper in a day Despite the crowded classes And a parlour clutch of colleagues And the throw of his heart Always heeling towards his son Hidden underneath the arc of his pen >From Papua New Guinea to the Caribbean, A single seam that marks the sky indelibly: Listen for the silent *anawim** There was little *“I”* in this island man. *J McElroy* *[*Anawim: Old Testament term for marginalised]* [Professor Jerome L McElroy, Professor of Economics, *St Mary’s College, Notre Dame*, Indiana, USA] *Poem of Tribute to Klaus de Albuquerque* *by* *Professor Jerome L McElroy* (As appeared in the Journal ‘Jouvert’) *“Sarcoma Season”* “Wet Crotch” was the surgeon’s diagnosis Over 4 years ago. But the V-frame feather oak endures. Leaves of pain so thick with rot The latticed sun can’t wink relief awake. Dead dark bark debris Squirrels fear to peel splotches jaws awry. But his arms don’t compromise, And every dawn his feet plunge deeper Blindly scratching for a vein of sand. His unshaken shadow against prairie heat Freshens our resolve. *Jerome L McElroy* *Some Prestigious Awards Received* *by* *Klaus de Albuquerque* 1.0 1988 *“Distinguished Research Award”* ~ College of Charleston 2.0 1995 *“Distinguished Advising Award* ~ College of Charleston 3.0 1998 *Distinguished Press Series Award* for 5-part series on *Drugs & The Caribbean* (Published in *‘Caribbean Week’*) 4.0 1999 *Highest Honour for Distinguished Research & Scholarship:* College of Charleston
