I/II.
http://www.asiaprogressive.com/bhopal-victims-letter-to-japanese-pm-stop-india-japan-nuclear-agreement/

JAPAN
Bhopal victims’ letter to Japanese PM: stop India-Japan Nuclear Agreement

December 5, 2015

To,
Mr. Shinzo Abe,

Prime Minister,
Japan.

December 5, 2015

Dear Prime Minister,

Bhopal StatueGreetings from the people of Bhopal. Ours is a city in
India which has witnessed the world’s worst industrial catastrophe. As
you may be aware, the disaster,itself a result of criminal neglect by
callous profiteers, was only followed by political complacency and
administrative apathy. The victims of Bhopal continue to struggle for
justice, adequate compensation and proper medical, economic, social
and environmental rehabilitation In our city, we have a commemorative
statue of a mother and her child with “No More Bhopal, No More
Hiroshima” written beneath it. And in the fifth year of the ongoing
disaster in Fukushima, we can identify with the continued suffering
and struggles of its residents.

We are writing to you to rethink the idea of selling nuclear
technology to India after Fukushima, and to terminate the India-Japan
nuclear agreements. To make our pleas heard citizens in Japan and
people in India living near existing and proposed nuclear power plants
would stage protests during your upcoming visit to India.

Bhopal, a city where more than 40 tons of methyl isocyanate and other
deadly gases leaked from the multinational Union Carbide manufacturing
facility and turned it into a gas chamber killing ove 8000 people on
the night of 2nd and 3rd December 1984. The white fog crawled through
the city and killed thousands while they slept. More than 25,000 men,
women and children died and over 500,000 people have suffered injuries
and slow deaths over the years from the incident. Women face the
worst. They face the worst illnesses. Their children are born
deformed. They get cancer. Girls who are 15 look like they are six.
Women don’t have their periods, and then they can’t have children. And
the problems have only been compounded after 31 years. There are
children born with birth defects. Women have to watch as their
children endure all kinds of operations. A 2002 report revealed
poisons such as 1,3,5 trichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform,
lead and mercury in the breast milk of nursing women living near the
factory. Many of the people who drank contaminated water have become
too sick to work, but they have received no help. Meanwhile, the
contaminated land has never been cleaned up, and families too poor to
move live on top of the contaminated soil.

Hazardous design of the factory, unsafe location, reckless operation
and maintenance procedures, reduction in personnel and deliberate
cutting down of vital safety systems were found to be the immediate
causes of the disaster in Bhopal. There is ample evidence of “double
standards” of safety being followed by the American multinational,
Bhopal’s sister plant in West Virginia being far superior in storage,
production and safety systems.

Two years before the disaster, the corporation’s safety experts warned
of a  “potential for the release of toxic materials” in a confidential
business memo. Warren Anderson, the company’s chairman and other
senior executives ignored the warning and went ahead with reducing
plant personnel, shutting down vital safety systems, and keeping
people in the neighborhood in the dark about the deadly chemicals
stored, used and produced in the factory. Less than three months prior
to the disaster, an internal Union Carbide memo warned of a “runaway
reaction that could cause a catastrophic failure of the storage tanks
holding the poisonous [methyl isocyanate] gas” at Union Carbide’s
Institute, West Virginia plant. This warning was not shared with the
management in Bhopal let alone operators of the Bhopal factory.

One of the main reasons we are opposed to the India-Japan nuclear
agreement is that in our country the implementation of environment and
labour laws are pathetic. It is because of such a state of affairs
that a disaster like Bhopal occurred here, , We also realise that this
nuclear agreement has nothing to do with the energy situation in this
country, rather your sole aim is to restore some confidence in the
global nuclear lobby which is facing its terminal crisis after
Fukushima. We are also apprehensive that your push for this deal is
primarily because Japanese companies enjoy a monopoly over certain key
components including “reactor vessels” required for nuclear reactors.
India has signed agreements with General Electric, Areva SA and
Westinghouse to set up nuclear power plants. Japanese companies have
major stakes in these companies. If Japan does not sign an agreement
with India, these companies cannot proceed with their installation
plans.

Therefore Mr. Prime Minister your nuclear deal with our country will
bring windfall gains to these huge corporations at the cost of the
environment, labour and human rights of our people. And similar to
what happened in Bhopal, there will be 1000s of Bhopal happening
elsewhere in the country with much more horrendous consequences.
We urge you to desist from this impending agreement during your visit to India.

We want strong relationship between India and Japan. We want both
countries to come closer and work on technologies that make human
lives better – renewable energy sources, effective decontamination and
more accessible medicines. For a better future for India and Japan,
and for safety, security and prosperity of our people, let us shun the
nuclear path and opt for a peaceful future.

Thanking you.

Rashida Bi,

Nawab Khan,

Balkrishna Namdeo,

Satinath Sarangi, Rachna Dhingra,

Safreen Khan,

Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Stationery Karmchari Sangh

Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Purush Sangharsh Morcha

Bhopal Gas Peedit Nirashrit Pensionbhogi Sangharsh Morcha

Bhopal Group for Information and Action

Children Against Dow Carbide

98261673

II.
http://www.catchnews.com/india-news/india-unprepared-what-happens-in-case-of-a-nuclear-bhopal-1449243696.html

India unprepared: what happens in case of a nuclear Bhopal?

KUMAR SUNDARAM @pksundaram |4 December 2015

The inaction
Among the first things the Modi govt did was to disband the National
Disaster Management Authority
It is yet to set up a replacement body to respond to calamities

Disaster awaits
India is unprepared to cope if there's a nuclear accident at one of
its power plants
Five years after Fukushima and 30 years after Chernobyl, there doesn't
seem to be much thought about it either

More in the story
How does one check if a country is prepared for a nuclear disaster?
How badly does India fare on these criteria?

It has been 31 years since the horrendous man-made tragedy in Bhopal.
The victims/survivors continue to struggle for justice and reparation,
for basic decontamination and cleaning, and expanding medical care
beyond the arbitrarily-identified 'victims'. The genetic impact of the
Union Carbide gas leak has been revealed in many scientific studies,
but these haven't led to any serious efforts by the Central or state
governments.

It has also been five years since the nuclear accident in Japan's
Fukushima and 30 since the Chernobyl disaster in the erstwhile USSR.
It's high time India stopped and thought - are we ready to deal with a
serious nuclear accident?

Also read: 2 years on, Kudankulam isn't working. Where are its cheerleaders now?

Among the first things the Narendra Modi government did after coming
to power was to scrap the National Disaster Management Authority.
However, it is yet to come up with a better way to respond to
calamities and their human consequences.

Preventing and responding to a nuclear accident goes far beyond
setting up a new bureaucratic behemoth. Contrary to reassurances given
by nuclear engineers and industry insiders, nuclear safety is about
much more than just design safety.

Irreversible and wide-ranging consequences
Also read
Rijiju says no connection between rationalists' murders. Kin appalled
#DadriLynching was not communal: Rajnath & Akhilesh's doublespeak. And
the case so far
4 trends that tell the real story of the Gujarat civic polls
Ugly India: Rajasthan gives away road for mining, woman kills son for Rs 100
#ChennaiFloods: unlearnt lessons & a disaster told in numbers
When planning for the consequences of a nuclear accident, it must be
remembered that the fallout is long-term, irreversible, genetic, and
essentially, unrestrained in time and space.

Nuclear enthusiasts like to compare accident scenarios to car
accidents or industrial accidents. But they forget that even though
the immediate physical damage and number of casualties might be
greater, reconstruction and relief can start immediately.

Also read: Nuclear power: can India keep its tall promises

But that's not true of a nuclear accident scenario. Even after three
decades, the 30-kilometre zone around Chernobyl hosts ghost cities
like Pripyat, which would remain uninhabitable for the coming
centuries. Similarly, in the Fukushima zone, once-bustling cities like
Namie and Futaba are now frozen in time. Radiation levels remain
dangerously hight. Even in a technologically-advanced country like
Japan, the accident has remained insurmountable.

The corporation operating the reactor - the Tokyo Electric Power
Company (TEPCo) - has been found making every effort to underplay the
accident, minimising responsibility by under-counting the victims, and
virtually blackmailing the authorities to let it off the hook by
threatening to disrupt electricity in Tokyo. TEPCo is too big to fail,
and the political system in Japan has rushed to save it at the
tax-payers' expense.

More than 200,000 people continue to be displaced in Japan, leading to
societal and psychological break-downs.

Safety checklist
So just what all does a country need to ensure nuclear safety? Here's
a checklist:

Design safety of the power plant
Credible safety culture
Independent regulator

Responsive and reliable civic administration
People-centric liability mechanism to provide an adequate response

India is found wanting on all these counts, making a potential nuclear
accident a clear and present nightmare.

Regulatory nightmare
The Indian nuclear industry is completely non-transparent and
unaccountable. Operating directly under the Prime Minister's Office,
it enjoys complete insulation from public and democratic scrutiny.

Serious RTI queries are routinely rejected by deploying the vintage
1962 Atomic Energy Act, evoking a 'national security' clause. This is
despite the fact that the civilian sector was separated after the
watershed moment, the Indo-US Nuclear Deal.

Also read: Indian history needs rewriting. But not how the RSS/BJP
want: Suvrat Raju

In the course of the movement against the Kudankulam Nuclear Power
Plant in Tamil Nadu, the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) refused to
part with basic documents like the Site Selection Report and the
Safety Assessment Report, which are put in public domain all over the
world. The Chief Information Commissioner wrote a letter to the PM but
even that didn't work.

Nuclear safety regulation is another Achilles heel. The nuclear
regulator, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, is supposed to monitor
and supervise the Atomic Energy Commission. But it depends on the
Commission for funds and human resources. Imagine how toothless and
dependent that makes the regulator.

The last time the AERB chairman, Dr AK Gopalakrishnan, ordered a
thorough safety audit of the entire sector, the report was shelved,
with the Central government putting a 'top secret' stamp on it.
Gopalakrishan has been a vocal advocate of a strong and independent
regulator since then, and has proposed a moratorium on imported
nuclear power plants till then.

Consider this: the government chose to set aside the post-Fukushima
recommendtions of even this weak regulator in trying to get a green
signal for Kudankulam in the Supreme Court. The AERB was forced to
file an affidavit and call its own stipulations 'advisory' and not
'mandatory'.

Design and evacuation
Still not convinced that we're sitting on an apocalypse? Here's
another tidbit for your consideration: India is setting up six
European Pressurised Reactors at Jaitapur in Maharashtra, with the
help of the French. But the French regulator itself has raised serious
objections on the design.

The government's reassurances of adequate evacuation and post-accident
plans ring hollow because all Indian nuclear facilities are surrounded
by dense populations, that have only grown and will continue to grow
in time.

Also read: Modi's nuclear deal with Britain is hollow, but quite toxic

In most cases, the Department of Atomic Energy doesn't even reveal the
emergency preparation arrangement. And when it does, it comes up with
ridiculous plans like relocating 50,000 people to a school premises.
The mandatory emergency drills before commissioning reactors have
turned out to be cruel jokes, with absurd instances like local
officials 'evacuating' a few hundred people in buses by taking them to
nearby villages.

Liability and compensation
On the issue of liability and compensation, the government has shown
scant regard to potential victims. Safeguarding the foreign suppliers
from any liability has been a paramount concern.

Nothing could be more absurd and ironic than the fact that since the
inception of the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act 2010, the
government has been busy finding a way to address the concerns of the
foreign suppliers, who want complete indemnification.

The clause 17(b), holding suppliers liable, albeit with severe
limitations, was introduced under parliamentary and civil society
pressure by a reluctant Manmohan Singh. But the Modi governmentt has
dumped the earlier BJP position on nuclear liability, and tried to
create an insurance pool to channel the liability back to the
exchequer, thus undermining the law.

In the light of India's vulnerability on the above three counts, the
31st anniversary of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy should be a moment to
recognise that, in general, our administrative and political system
can only be relied on to be totally inefficient and unaccountable.

As with Bhopal, in the case of a nuclear accident, the government
would be unable to provide any relief for victims, especially as the
main victims would be adivasis and villagers far away from the public
gaze.

Also read: Who will be liable for an Indian Fukushima. Nobody it seems


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