[Analysts have started talking about the 2017 election results the way
they did with the 2014 results of the general election. They call it
inclusive and a mandate beyond caste. They seem embarrassed by the
BJP’s campaign, which was brazenly anti-Muslim, casteist and divisive.
The references to the Ram Mandir, anti-Romeo squads, displacement of
Hindus, appeasement of Muslims at the cost of Dalits and backward
castes were raised at the beginning of the campaign and remained till
the end. There was hardly a BJP leader who did not use this language.
It was most certainly not inclusive.

(A comparison with the last Bihar assembly poll would, arguably, be
quite instructive.
In UP, BJP's overall vote share is this time 39.7% as against 42.3% in
2014. A dip of 2.6% point. (See: <http://www.eciresults.nic.in/>.)
In the last Bihar poll, it was 24.4% as against 29.4% in 2014. A dip
of 5% points. (For details:
<https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/india-unity/conversations/messages/57544>.)
So, the dip in Bihar, in terms of proportion was significantly
sharper, and that too from a lower base.
*That, of course, shows the (relative) success of BJP's campaign line.*
But, far more significant is the fact that the poll in Bihar was
essentially bipolar, while in UP it is triangular.
That has made a big difference.

In UP, this time:
BJP: 39.7%
SP: 21.8%
Congress: 6.2%
(So, SP + Congress: 28%)
BSP: 22.2
(SP + Congress + BSP = 50.2% as against 39.2% + 1.7% = 40.9% of BJP + 2 Allies.)
True, in case of actual alliance, things won't exactly follow the
arithmatical model. A (perceived to be) strong alliance would attract
more votes than the sum of the individual parts. On the other, a
socially/politically incompatible alliance would seriously hinder vote
transfers from one ally to another, and thereby would reduce the sum.
Nevertheless, the arithmatical model remains at the core.

"For the 2017 UP election, the SP and Congress have formed an
alliance. But unlike Bihar, a major third party, the BSP, is not part
of the alliance. Bihar was an “alliance math election”, as UP will
likely turn out to be. This math states that if the 2017 votes are a
replica of the 2014 vote, a Bihar-like MG (SP + BSP + INC) would
result in a resounding victory for the MG — 263 seats. But 2017 is a
three-way fight — BJP+, BSP, and G — and three-way fights should not
be confused with two-way match-ups. Going from MG to G, the “alliance”
is able to win only 78 seats with the BJP winning 317, and the BSP
winning only eight seats."
This is Surjit Bhalla on *March 9* (at
<http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017-samajwadi-party-bjp-congress-no-proof-required-seeking-redemption-in-up-2017-4560884/>).

Of course, the "political" factors must not be overlooked or underestimated.
And, one has to keep in mind the following.
In Punjab, the BJP polled 5.4% this time as against 8.7% in 2014. A
dip of 3.3% points, much sharper in terms of proportion.
In Uttarakhand, 39.7% as against 55.3%. Again, quite a dip.
In Manipur, 36.3% as against 11.9%. The vote share has more than trebled.
In Goa, 32.5% as against 53.4%. Again, quite a sharp dip.

So, things are far from uniform.
Of course, UP has a far hiher weightage and much greater practical
implications.
No doubt about that.)]

ASSEMBLY ELECTION RESULTS

Uttar Pradesh 2017: How Modi and the BJP beat the politics of social
justice at its own game
The verdict in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand is definitely a decisive
victory of the ideology of the saffron party.

3 hours ago.

Apoorvanand

Indian parliamentary politics has moved away from the concerns of its
minorities. This is the essence of the statement of Rashtriya
Swayamsevak Sangh intellectual Rakesh Sinha who, celebrating the
massive mandate given to the Bharatiya Janata Party by the people in
Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, said: “A Muslim veto institutionalised
as an extra-secular mechanism has been demolished. The Sangh’s
meta-narrative on nationalism and Hindutva has emerged as a hegemonic
ideology.”

BJP leaders use the phrase “end of caste politics” to explain the
unprecedented vote percentage that the saffron party has gained in the
state elections this time. Other observers see a new voter emerging in
these elections, one who is weary of instability, is tired of
coalition politics and wants to see decisive governance. This view
looks at the mandate to the BJP as a continuation of the trend, over
the last decade, in Uttar Pradesh that had put Mayawati and Akhilesh
Yadav in power with an unambiguous majority in the past.

BJP expansion
What is evident from the recent poll results is that the BJP has
established its pan-Indian dominance decisively. Many see the BJP’s
determination to capture India with admiration. Some others see it
with fear. Four years ago, when the BJP announced that its focus was
on the North East and East, including Bihar, West Bengal and Odisha,
it was not taken very seriously. But the consistent work by the RSS,
its mother organisation, was to serve as the springboard for the BJP.
The time was ripe. The power it got at the Centre gave it the leverage
it needed in these areas. Its expansion in Odisha, as is evident in
the results of the panchayat elections in February, is just an example
of how the party can rebound in a place from where it was effectively
pushed out only a few years ago.

The emergence of the BJP in Odisha, where the Biju Janata Dal had
unceremoniously showed it the door a few years ago, needs to be
understood in the light of what has happened in Uttar Pradesh. The
saffron party has been out of power in Uttar Pradesh for the last 14
years.

There were theoretical explanations for this. It was believed that the
politics of social justice had made it impossible for the political
language of Hindutva to define politics. However, the politics of
social justice was reduced to, or remained limited to, giving
representation to some sections of the erstwhile marginalised social
groups. This meant that all one had to do was to give these
marginalised social groups a sense of participation in the affairs of
politics. If one could bring them around by only doing this much, what
prevented the BJP from attempting this formula too?

Thus, the last 10 years have shown the BJP turning the politics of
social justice on its head. While political scientists kept calling it
the party of upper caste Hindu males, it slowly co-opted the Other
Backward Classes and Dalits into its Hindu fold.

Social justice fell short
This is also a moment for ideologues to ponder over the rhetoric of
Ambedkarism, which failed to anticipate that it was not at all
difficult for Dalits to accept a party that is run along Manuwadi
(casteist) ideological lines. Is it difficult to see how the suicide
of Dalit scholar Rohith Vemula in Hyderabad or the lynching of Dalits
by the protectors of cows in Gujarat could not stir the Dalits of
Uttar Pradesh to spurn the saffron party? What prevented democratic
parties from talking about these issues and making them central in
their campaign? The fear that they would be seen as practising a
partisan political language?

There have been many reports of how the BJP worked on the non-Yadav
castes to carry them along. It was done in many ways, by pulling caste
groups like the Kurmis, Rajbhars, Nishads and Mauryas and non-Jatav
Dalits into its fold. Cultural modes were used effectively. The BJP’s
symbolic campaign in the name of Suheldev, a little-known 11th-century
Pasi king, to dislodge the warrior saint Ghazi Miyan from the popular
imagination as the hero of both Hindus and Muslims in eastern Uttar
Pradesh, is only one example.

While the leaders of the social justice plank got complacent with the
assurance of continued support from their sub-caste group, they failed
to anticipate the aspirations that this would generate in other
sub-caste groups within the wider category of Dalits or Backwards.
That this would ultimately generate resentment among these groups
against the dominant ruling caste group, which in the case of Bihar
and Uttar Pradesh were Yadavs among the Backwards and Jatavs among
Dalits. To think that with these dominant caste groups as the nuclei,
other sub-caste groups would keep hovering around them was lazy
politics. Also, as we can now see, the journey of the politics of
social justice was devoid of democratic content. A politics that was
only the language of negotiation with power could only lead to where
it stands now. Bahujan Samaj Party leader Mayawati has been reduced to
the status of a leader of Jatavs, and Akhilesh Yadav does not have
appeal beyond Yadavs. Their failure to fashion a universal language
that could compete with the Hindutva universal is stark.

Reverse identity politics
No human being likes to remain confined within the identity assigned
to them. We are programmed to be transcendental beings. What was the
promise of the slogan of social justice in this regard? It asked
Yadavs to remain Yadavs and Jatavs to remain Jatavs forever. Contrary
to this brand of politics, the RSS at least promised them an opening
in the wider Hindu fold, and more recently, pride in being part of a
more universal national project. Thus, an ambitionless, narrow
identity politics was defeated by a reverse identity politics, which
just reprogrammed these groups, and assured them of being part of a
larger Hindu nationalist solidarity project.

It is also interesting that the only party that spoke in a cultural
language during the election campaign was the BJP. Neither the
Congress-Samajwadi Party alliance nor the Bahujan Samaj Party moved an
inch away from their economic rhetoric. Their attempt to appeal to the
economic insecurities of people did not cut ice as people knew that
both camps barely differ with regard to their economic policies. So,
the only thing to make a difference was culture. However, the
hesitation of the so-called secular parties in talking about their
cultural platform meant that they had utter disdain for the people’s
striving to find their definition of what a good life would be. A good
life is one that goes beyond economic compulsions. To not talk about
it is having a dim view of people.

***Analysts have started talking about the 2017 election results the
way they did with the 2014 results of the general election. They call
it inclusive and a mandate beyond caste. They seem embarrassed by the
BJP’s campaign, which was brazenly anti-Muslim, casteist and divisive.
The references to the Ram Mandir, anti-Romeo squads, displacement of
Hindus, appeasement of Muslims at the cost of Dalits and backward
castes were raised at the beginning of the campaign and remained till
the end. There was hardly a BJP leader who did not use this language.
It was most certainly not inclusive.*** [Emphasis added.]

The verdict in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand is definitely a decisive
victory of the ideology of the BJP. The party’s opponents must first
accept this fact if they are to think about ways to deal with it.


-- 
Peace Is Doable

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