CVSROOT: /webcvs/grep Module name: grep Changes by: Jim Meyering <meyering> 21/08/14 16:46:41
Index: html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html =================================================================== RCS file: /webcvs/grep/grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html,v retrieving revision 1.31 retrieving revision 1.32 diff -u -b -r1.31 -r1.32 --- html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html 28 Sep 2020 03:36:49 -0000 1.31 +++ html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html 14 Aug 2021 20:46:40 -0000 1.32 @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd";> <html> +<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.8, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <!-- This manual is for grep, a pattern matching engine. -Copyright (C) 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2020 Free Software Foundation, +Copyright (C) 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document @@ -11,66 +14,56 @@ Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". --> -<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> -<title>Character Classes and Bracket Expressions (GNU Grep 3.5)</title> +<title>Character Classes and Bracket Expressions (GNU Grep 3.7)</title> -<meta name="description" content="Character Classes and Bracket Expressions (GNU Grep 3.5)"> -<meta name="keywords" content="Character Classes and Bracket Expressions (GNU Grep 3.5)"> +<meta name="description" content="Character Classes and Bracket Expressions (GNU Grep 3.7)"> +<meta name="keywords" content="Character Classes and Bracket Expressions (GNU Grep 3.7)"> <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> <meta name="distribution" content="global"> <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> -<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> -<link href="Index.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> + +<link href="index.html" rel="start" title="Top"> +<link href="Index.html" rel="index" title="Index"> <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> -<link href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions" rel="up" title="Regular Expressions"> -<link href="The-Backslash-Character-and-Special-Expressions.html#The-Backslash-Character-and-Special-Expressions" rel="next" title="The Backslash Character and Special Expressions"> -<link href="Fundamental-Structure.html#Fundamental-Structure" rel="prev" title="Fundamental Structure"> +<link href="Regular-Expressions.html" rel="up" title="Regular Expressions"> +<link href="The-Backslash-Character-and-Special-Expressions.html" rel="next" title="The Backslash Character and Special Expressions"> +<link href="Fundamental-Structure.html" rel="prev" title="Fundamental Structure"> <style type="text/css"> <!-- +a.copiable-anchor {visibility: hidden; 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It matches any single character in that list. @@ -83,7 +76,7 @@ an opening or closing parenthesis, and might or might not match an encoding error. </p> -<a name="index-range-expression"></a> +<span id="index-range-expression"></span> <p>Within a bracket expression, a <em>range expression</em> consists of two characters separated by a hyphen. It matches any single character that @@ -104,35 +97,31 @@ for example, ‘<samp>[[:alnum:]]</samp>’ means the character class of numbers and letters in the current locale. </p> -<a name="index-classes-of-characters"></a> -<a name="index-character-classes"></a> +<span id="index-classes-of-characters"></span> +<span id="index-character-classes"></span> <dl compact="compact"> -<dt>‘<samp>[:alnum:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-alnum-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-alphanumeric-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-alnum-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:alnum:]</samp>’<a href='#index-alnum-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-alphanumeric-characters"></span> <p>Alphanumeric characters: ‘<samp>[:alpha:]</samp>’ and ‘<samp>[:digit:]</samp>’; in the ‘<samp>C</samp>’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is the same as ‘<samp>[0-9A-Za-z]</samp>’. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:alpha:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-alpha-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-alphabetic-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-alpha-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:alpha:]</samp>’<a href='#index-alpha-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-alphabetic-characters"></span> <p>Alphabetic characters: ‘<samp>[:lower:]</samp>’ and ‘<samp>[:upper:]</samp>’; in the ‘<samp>C</samp>’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is the same as ‘<samp>[A-Za-z]</samp>’. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:blank:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-blank-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-blank-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-blank-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:blank:]</samp>’<a href='#index-blank-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-blank-characters"></span> <p>Blank characters: space and tab. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:cntrl:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-cntrl-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-control-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-cntrl-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:cntrl:]</samp>’<a href='#index-cntrl-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-control-characters"></span> <p>Control characters. In ASCII, these characters have octal codes 000 through 037, and 177 (DEL). @@ -140,64 +129,56 @@ the equivalent characters, if any. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:digit:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-digit-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-digit-characters"></a> -<a name="index-numeric-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-digit-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:digit:]</samp>’<a href='#index-digit-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-digit-characters"></span> +<span id="index-numeric-characters"></span> <p>Digits: <code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</code>. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:graph:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-graph-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-graphic-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-graph-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:graph:]</samp>’<a href='#index-graph-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-graphic-characters"></span> <p>Graphical characters: ‘<samp>[:alnum:]</samp>’ and ‘<samp>[:punct:]</samp>’. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:lower:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-lower-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-lower_002dcase-letters"></a> +<dt id='index-lower-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:lower:]</samp>’<a href='#index-lower-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-lower_002dcase-letters"></span> <p>Lower-case letters; in the ‘<samp>C</samp>’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is <code>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z</code>. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:print:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-print-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-printable-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-print-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:print:]</samp>’<a href='#index-print-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-printable-characters"></span> <p>Printable characters: ‘<samp>[:alnum:]</samp>’, ‘<samp>[:punct:]</samp>’, and space. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:punct:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-punct-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-punctuation-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-punct-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:punct:]</samp>’<a href='#index-punct-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-punctuation-characters"></span> <p>Punctuation characters; in the ‘<samp>C</samp>’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is <code>! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | } ~</code>. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:space:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-space-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-space-characters"></a> -<a name="index-whitespace-characters"></a> +<dt id='index-space-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:space:]</samp>’<a href='#index-space-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-space-characters"></span> +<span id="index-whitespace-characters"></span> <p>Space characters: in the ‘<samp>C</samp>’ locale, this is tab, newline, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return, and space. -See <a href="Usage.html#Usage">Usage</a>, for more discussion of matching newlines. +See <a href="Usage.html">Usage</a>, for more discussion of matching newlines. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:upper:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-upper-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-upper_002dcase-letters"></a> +<dt id='index-upper-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:upper:]</samp>’<a href='#index-upper-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-upper_002dcase-letters"></span> <p>Upper-case letters: in the ‘<samp>C</samp>’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is <code>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z</code>. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:xdigit:]</samp>’</dt> -<dd><a name="index-xdigit-character-class"></a> -<a name="index-xdigit-class"></a> -<a name="index-hexadecimal-digits"></a> +<dt id='index-xdigit-character-class'><span>‘<samp>[:xdigit:]</samp>’<a href='#index-xdigit-character-class' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><span id="index-xdigit-class"></span> +<span id="index-hexadecimal-digits"></span> <p>Hexadecimal digits: <code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f</code>. </p> @@ -207,52 +188,52 @@ part of the symbolic names, and must be included in addition to the brackets delimiting the bracket expression. </p> -<a name="invalid_002dbracket_002dexpr"></a><p>If you mistakenly omit the outer brackets, and search for say, ‘<samp>[:upper:]</samp>’, +<span id="invalid_002dbracket_002dexpr"></span><p>If you mistakenly omit the outer brackets, and search for say, ‘<samp>[:upper:]</samp>’, GNU <code>grep</code> prints a diagnostic and exits with status 2, on the assumption that you did not intend to search for the nominally equivalent regular expression: ‘<samp>[:epru]</samp>’. Set the <code>POSIXLY_CORRECT</code> environment variable to disable this feature. </p> -<p>Most meta-characters lose their special meaning inside bracket expressions. +<p>Special characters lose their special meaning inside bracket expressions. </p> <dl compact="compact"> -<dt>‘<samp>]</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>]</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>ends the bracket expression if it’s not the first list item. So, if you want to make the ‘<samp>]</samp>’ character a list item, you must put it first. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[.</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>[.</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the open collating symbol. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>.]</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>.]</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the close collating symbol. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[=</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>[=</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the open equivalence class. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>=]</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>=]</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the close equivalence class. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>[:</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>[:</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the open character class symbol, and should be followed by a valid character class name. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>:]</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>:]</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the close character class symbol. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>-</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>-</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the range if it’s not first or last in a list or the ending point of a range. </p> </dd> -<dt>‘<samp>^</samp>’</dt> +<dt><span>‘<samp>^</samp>’</span></dt> <dd><p>represents the characters not in the list. If you want to make the ‘<samp>^</samp>’ character a list item, place it anywhere but first. @@ -260,10 +241,11 @@ </dd> </dl> +</div> <hr> <div class="header"> <p> -Next: <a href="The-Backslash-Character-and-Special-Expressions.html#The-Backslash-Character-and-Special-Expressions" accesskey="n" rel="next">The Backslash Character and Special Expressions</a>, Previous: <a href="Fundamental-Structure.html#Fundamental-Structure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fundamental Structure</a>, Up: <a href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Regular Expressions</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Index.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +Next: <a href="The-Backslash-Character-and-Special-Expressions.html">The Backslash Character and Special Expressions</a>, Previous: <a href="Fundamental-Structure.html">Fundamental Structure</a>, Up: <a href="Regular-Expressions.html">Regular Expressions</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div>
