Aerospace Projects Review v1 n6 (http://www.up-ship.com/eAPR/ev1n6.htm) has
several different US proposals for aircraft on submarines from 1920 to the
Cold War. The design most relevant is an Electric Boat pitch to the Navy in
1963.

The proposal lists about a dozen different variations of the idea. Electric
Boat assumed that the Navy would have a VTOL or STOVL aircraft available.
The reference design had one large hangar with airlock/lifts fore and aft at
either end of a 500 foot flight deck.

This was the Cold War, so the ship's mission would be either a nuclear
strike against the Soviet Union (where "survival" takes on a different
meaning) or conventional missions against some Third World country with the
presumption of American aerial superiority or supremacy.

Some of the other designs touched on in the article

- 1920 designs for a "cruiser submarine" with 8 in guns carrying
spotter/recon planes
- the five US subs designed to carry the Regulus nuclear cruise missile. The
Regulus was large enough that the deck canisters for storing it could fit a
manned attack jet. Douglas Aircraft designed a seaplane fighter, while
Boeing designed a "flying carpet" an unmanned jet powered booster that would
let a conventional jet make a vertical take off, in this case a Grumman
F11F.
- a sketch of a submarine designed to carry 3 modified Sea Dart fighters
- and a Boeing design for a sub carrying 8 mach-3 attack planes launched
vertically by the flying carpet booster.
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