Heather's point about drawers/braies/breeches = masculinity is paramount.
Beyond that, though, the lack of underwear on women is not nearly so
"impractical" as some people seem to assume.

To begin with, it's worth noting that underwear worn with a long skirt can
make toileting really awkward, especially if you're squatting over a
chamberpot/ditch/whatever. If you have to pull everything up so that you
can then pull something down, and then you have to straddle and squat over
a target ... quite a balancing act if you're wearing drawers, and even
with slit drawers (that don't need pulling down), you still have to reach
under the skirts to get the fabric out of the line of fire. Without any
drawers, it's an easy matter to step over the pot and squat, using your
knees to help spread the skirts away from the body. Of course it would be
more complicated during menstruation, but it is for us too.

(Spread-and-squat is still typical in certain cultures in which women wear
long robes. I remember a picturesque description by a Western female
traveler on a bus ride through the middle east: When it came time for a
pit stop, the bus stopped out in the middle of the desert. The women went
on one side of the bus and sank gracefully down to the sand, their skirts
spread in circles around them. The men went to the other side of the bus
and peed against the bus [what is it about having to have a standing
target, anyway?]. The pants-wearing female Westerner had a much harder
time of it -- I believe she learned to carry an umbrella to use as a
portable wall.)

For men, toileting is done differently from women at least half the time,
which changes the mechanical considerations. It's interesting to note that
in tunic-wearing periods, men often had shorter garments than women did,
which would mean less bulk to lift out of the way. Of course there were
many influences on style besides anatomical ones, but this issue may have
been one factor in the gender differences in hem length. And as someone
else has noted, braies/breeches/drawers were not universal on men even in
these periods. It's quite possible, too, that men found it equally useful
to go without underwear under long, full robes like houppelandes.

Several people have brought up the question of cold climate with the idea
that drawers would be logical/necessary for warmth. Just as one data
point, I routinely go without underwear when in costume, and I have never
noticed any chill up the skirts; the only parts I've noticed to suffer in
cold weather are the feet. Given the proper number of layers in the skirts
and the use of insulating natural fibers, the area under the skirts seems
to maintain its own warm environment.

--Robin

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