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PAS : KE ARAH PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM YANG ADIL
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Who is obliged to fast?
(10) Fasting is an obligation on every adult, sane, settled [i.e., not
travelling]
Muslim who is able to fast and has nothing such as hayd [menstruation]
or nifaas
[post-natal bleeding] to prevent him or her from doing so.
A person is deemed to have reached adulthood when any one of the
following three
things occur: emission of semen, whether in a wet dream or otherwise;
growth of
coarse pubic hair around the private parts; attainment of fifteen years
of age. In the
case of females, there is a fourth, namely menstruation; when a girl
reaches
menarche (starts her periods), she is obliged to fast even if she has
not yet reached
the age of ten.
(11) Children should be instructed to fast at the age of seven, if they
are able to,
and some scholars said that a child may be smacked at the age of ten if
he does not
fast, just as in the case of salaah. (See al-Mughni, 3/90). The child
will be rewarded
for fasting, and the parents will be rewarded for bringing him up
properly and
guiding him to do good. Al-Rubay� bint Mu�awwidh (may Allaah be pleased
with
her) said, speaking about Ramadaan when it was made obligatory: �We used
to
make our children fast, and we would make them a toy made out of wool.
If any
one of them started to cry for food, we would give them that toy to play
with until
it was time to break the fast.� (al-Bukhaari, Fath, no. 1960). Some
people do not think
it is important to tell their children to fast; indeed, a child may be
enthusiastic about
fasting and may be capable of doing it, but his father or mother may
tell him not to
fast, out of so-called �pity� for him. They do not realize that true
pity and
compassion consist of making him get used to fasting. Allaah says
(interpretation of
the meaning): �O you who believe! Ward off from yourselves and your
families a
Fire (hell) whose fuel is men and stones, over which are (appointed)
angels stern
(and) severe, who disobey not, (from executing) the Commands they
receive from
Allaah, but do that which they are commanded.� [al-Tahreem 66:6]. Extra
attention must be paid to the matter of a girl�s fasting when she has
just reached
maturity, because she may fast when she has her period, out of shyness,
and then
not make up the fast later.
(12) If a kaafir becomes Muslim, or a child reaches puberty, or an
insane person
comes to his senses during the day, they should refrain from eating for
the rest of
the day, because they are now among those who are obliged to fast, but
they do not
have to make up for the days of Ramadaan that they have missed, because
at that
time they were not among those who are obliged to fast.
(13) The insane are not responsible for their deeds (their deeds are not
being
recorded), but if a person is insane at times and sane at other times,
he must fast
during his periods of sanity, and is excused during his periods of
insanity. If he
becomes insane during the day, this does not invalidate his fast, just
as is the case if
someone becomes unconscious because of illness or some other reason,
because he
had the intention of fasting when he was sane. (Majaalis Shahr Ramadaan
by Ibn
�Uthaymeen, p.28). A similar case is the ruling governing epileptics.
(14) If someone dies during Ramadaan, there is no �debt� on him or his
heirs with
regard to the remaining days of the month.
(15) If someone does not know that it is fard (obligatory) to fast
Ramadaan, or that
it is haraam to eat or have sexual intercourse during the day in this
month, then
according to the majority of scholars, this excuse is acceptable, as is
also the case
for a new convert to Islam, a Muslim living in Daar al-Harb (non-Muslim
lands)
and a Muslim who grew up among the kuffaar. But a person who grew up
among
the Muslims and was able to ask questions and find out, has no excuse.
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