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PAS : KE ARAH PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM YANG ADIL
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Assalammualaikum,
Majalah TIME secara terang-terang menghina Nabi
Muhammad SAW dan Al-Quran dlm terbitannya yg terbaru.
Menurut penulis artikel itu, Lisa Beyer
peraturan-peraturan di dlm Al-Quran merendah-rendahkan
wanita. Penulis tersebut memuji-muji negara Islam
'sederhana' (sederhana mengikut acuan barat) seperti
Turkey dan Mesir (yg byk penari gelek) sambil mengutuk
Taliban kerana memaksa wanita menutup aurat.
Sila baca di:
http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,185647,00.html
The Other Women of Islam
Sunday, Nov. 25, 2001
For his day, the Prophet Muhammad was a feminist. The
doctrine he laid out as the revealed word of God
considerably improved the status of women in 7th
century Arabia. In local pagan society, it was the
custom to bury alive unwanted female newborns; Islam
prohibited the practice. Women had been treated as
possessions of their husbands; Islamic law made the
education of girls a sacred duty and gave women the
right to own and inherit property. Muhammad even
decreed that sexual satisfaction was a woman's
entitlement. He was a liberal at home as well as in
the pulpit. The Prophet darned his own garments and
among his wives and concubines had a trader, a
warrior, a leatherworker and an imam.
Of course, ancient advances do not mean that much to
women 14 centuries later if reform is, rather than a
process, a historical blip subject to reversal. While
it is impossible, given their diversity, to paint one
picture of women living under Islam today, it is clear
that the religion has been used in most Muslim
countries not to liberate but to entrench inequality.
The Taliban, with its fanatical subjugation of the
female sex, occupies an extreme, but it nevertheless
belongs on a continuum that includes, not so far down
the line, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Pakistan and the
relatively moderate states of Egypt and Jordan. Where
Muslims have afforded women the greatest degree of
equality�in Turkey�they have done so by overthrowing
Islamic precepts in favor of secular rule. As Riffat
Hassan, professor of religious studies at the
University of Louisville, puts it, "The way Islam has
been practiced in most Muslim societies for centuries
has left millions of Muslim women with battered
bodies, minds and souls."
Part of the problem dates to Muhammad. Even as he
proclaimed new rights for women, he enshrined their
inequality in immutable law, passed down as God's
commandments and eventually recorded in scripture. The
Koran allots daughters half the inheritance of sons.
It decrees that a woman's testimony in court, at least
in financial matters, is worth half that of a man's.
Under Shari'a, or Muslim law, compensation for the
murder of a woman is half the going rate for men. In
many Muslim countries, these directives are
incorporated into contemporary law. For a woman to
prove rape in Pakistan, for example, four adult males
of "impeccable" character must witness the
penetration, in accordance with Shari'a.
Family law in Islamic countries generally follows the
prescriptions of scripture. This is so even in a
country like Egypt, where much of the legal code has
been secularized. In Islam, women can have only one
spouse, while men are permitted four. The legal age
for girls to marry tends to be very young. Muhammad's
favorite wife, A'isha, according to her biographer,
was six when they wed, nine when the marriage was
consummated. In Iran the legal age for marriage is
nine for girls, 14 for boys. The law has occasionally
been exploited by pedophiles, who marry poor young
girls from the provinces, use and then abandon them.
In 2000 the Iranian Parliament voted to raise the
minimum age for girls to 14, but this year, a
legislative oversight body dominated by traditional
clerics vetoed the move. An attempt by conservatives
to abolish Yemen's legal minimum age of 15 for girls
failed, but local experts say it is rarely enforced
anyway. (The onset of puberty is considered an
appropriate time for a marriage to be consummated.)
Wives in Islamic societies face great difficulty in
suing for divorce, but husbands can be released from
their vows virtually on demand, in some places merely
by saying "I divorce you" three times. Though in most
Muslim states, divorces are entitled to alimony, in
Pakistan it lasts only three months, long enough to
ensure the woman isn't pregnant. The same three-month
rule applies even to the Muslim minority in India.
There, a national law provides for long-term alimony,
but to appease Islamic conservatives, authorities
exempted Muslims.
Fear of poverty keeps many Muslim women locked in bad
marriages, as does the prospect of losing their
children. Typically, fathers win custody of boys over
the age of six and girls after the onset of puberty.
Maryam, an Iranian woman, says she has stayed married
for 20 years to a philandering opium addict she does
not love because she fears losing guardianship of her
teenage daughter. "Islam supposedly gives me the right
to divorce," she says. "But what about my rights
afterward?"
Women's rights are compromised further by a section in
the Koran, sura 4: 34, that has been interpreted to
say that men have "pre-eminence" over women or that
they are "overseers" of women. The verse goes on to
say that the husband of an insubordinate wife should
first admonish her, then leave her to sleep alone and
finally beat her. Wife beating is so prevalent in the
Muslim world that social workers who assist battered
women in Egypt, for example, spend much of their time
trying to convince victims that their husbands'
violent acts are unacceptable.
Beatings are not the worst of female suffering. Each
year hundreds of Muslim women die in "honor killings"�
murders by husbands or male relatives of women
suspected of disobedience, usually a sexual
indiscretion or marriage against the family's wishes.
Typically, the killers are punished lightly, if at
all. In Jordan a man who slays his wife or a close
relative after catching her in the act of adultery is
exempt from punishment. If the situation only suggests
illicit sex, he gets a reduced sentence. The Jordanian
royal family has made the rare move of condemning
honor killings, but the government, fearful of
offending conservatives, has not put its weight behind
a proposal to repeal laws that grant leniency for
killers. Jordan's Islamic Action Front, a powerful
political party, has issued a fatwa, or religious
ruling, saying the proposal would "destroy our
Islamic, social and family values by stripping men of
their humanity when they surprise their wives or
female relatives committing adultery."
Honor killings are an example of a practice that is
commonly associated with Islam but actually has
broader roots. It is based in medieval tribal culture,
in which a family's authority, and ultimately its
survival, was tightly linked to its honor. Arab
Christians have been known to carry out honor
killings. However, Muslim perpetrators often claim
their crimes are justified by harsh Islamic penalties,
including death for adultery. And so religious and
cultural customs become confused.
Female circumcision, also called female genital
mutilation, is another case in point. It involves
removing part or all of a girl's clitoris and labia in
an effort to reduce female sexual desire and thereby
preserve chastity. FGM is widespread in sub-Saharan
Africa and in Egypt, with scattered cases in Asia and
other parts of the Middle East. The World Health
Organization estimates that up to 140 million girls
and women have undergone the procedure. Some Muslims
believe it is mandated by Islam, but the practice
predates Muhammad and is also common among some
Christian communities.
Sexual anxiety lies at the heart of many Islamic
strictures on women. They are required to cover their
bodies�in varying degrees in different places�for fear
they might arouse the lust of men other than their
husbands. The Koran instructs women to "guard their
modesty," not to "display their beauty and ornaments"
and to "draw their veils." Saudi women typically don a
billowy black cloak called an abaya, along with a
black scarf and veil over the face; morality police
enforce the dress code by striking errant women with
sticks. The women of Iran and Sudan can expose the
face but must cover the hair and the neck.
In most Islamic countries, coverings are technically
optional. Some women, including some feminists, wear
them because they like them. They find that the veil
liberates them from unwanted gazes and hassles from
men. But many Muslim women feel cultural and family
pressure to cover themselves. Recently a Muslim
fundamentalist group in the Indian province of Kashmir
demanded that women start wearing veils. When the call
was ignored, hooligans threw acid in the faces of
uncovered women.
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