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Harun Aminurrashid wrote: > > *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* > { Sila lawat Laman Hizbi-Net - http://www.hizbi.net } > { Hantarkan mesej anda ke: [EMAIL PROTECTED] } > { Iklan barangan? Hantarkan ke [EMAIL PROTECTED] } > *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* > PAS : KE ARAH PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM YANG ADIL > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Assalammualaikum, > Majalah TIME secara terang-terang menghina Nabi > Muhammad SAW dan Al-Quran dlm terbitannya yg terbaru. > Menurut penulis artikel itu, Lisa Beyer > peraturan-peraturan di dlm Al-Quran merendah-rendahkan > wanita. Penulis tersebut memuji-muji negara Islam > 'sederhana' (sederhana mengikut acuan barat) seperti > Turkey dan Mesir (yg byk penari gelek) sambil mengutuk > Taliban kerana memaksa wanita menutup aurat. > > Sila baca di: > http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,185647,00.html > > The Other Women of Islam > Sunday, Nov. 25, 2001 > For his day, the Prophet Muhammad was a feminist. The > doctrine he laid out as the revealed word of God > considerably improved the status of women in 7th > century Arabia. In local pagan society, it was the > custom to bury alive unwanted female newborns; Islam > prohibited the practice. Women had been treated as > possessions of their husbands; Islamic law made the > education of girls a sacred duty and gave women the > right to own and inherit property. Muhammad even > decreed that sexual satisfaction was a woman's > entitlement. He was a liberal at home as well as in > the pulpit. The Prophet darned his own garments and > among his wives and concubines had a trader, a > warrior, a leatherworker and an imam. > > Of course, ancient advances do not mean that much to > women 14 centuries later if reform is, rather than a > process, a historical blip subject to reversal. While > it is impossible, given their diversity, to paint one > picture of women living under Islam today, it is clear > that the religion has been used in most Muslim > countries not to liberate but to entrench inequality. > The Taliban, with its fanatical subjugation of the > female sex, occupies an extreme, but it nevertheless > belongs on a continuum that includes, not so far down > the line, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Pakistan and the > relatively moderate states of Egypt and Jordan. Where > Muslims have afforded women the greatest degree of > equality—in Turkey—they have done so by overthrowing > Islamic precepts in favor of secular rule. As Riffat > Hassan, professor of religious studies at the > University of Louisville, puts it, "The way Islam has > been practiced in most Muslim societies for centuries > has left millions of Muslim women with battered > bodies, minds and souls." > > Part of the problem dates to Muhammad. Even as he > proclaimed new rights for women, he enshrined their > inequality in immutable law, passed down as God's > commandments and eventually recorded in scripture. The > Koran allots daughters half the inheritance of sons. > It decrees that a woman's testimony in court, at least > in financial matters, is worth half that of a man's. > Under Shari'a, or Muslim law, compensation for the > murder of a woman is half the going rate for men. In > many Muslim countries, these directives are > incorporated into contemporary law. For a woman to > prove rape in Pakistan, for example, four adult males > of "impeccable" character must witness the > penetration, in accordance with Shari'a. > > Family law in Islamic countries generally follows the > prescriptions of scripture. This is so even in a > country like Egypt, where much of the legal code has > been secularized. In Islam, women can have only one > spouse, while men are permitted four. The legal age > for girls to marry tends to be very young. Muhammad's > favorite wife, A'isha, according to her biographer, > was six when they wed, nine when the marriage was > consummated. In Iran the legal age for marriage is > nine for girls, 14 for boys. The law has occasionally > been exploited by pedophiles, who marry poor young > girls from the provinces, use and then abandon them. > In 2000 the Iranian Parliament voted to raise the > minimum age for girls to 14, but this year, a > legislative oversight body dominated by traditional > clerics vetoed the move. An attempt by conservatives > to abolish Yemen's legal minimum age of 15 for girls > failed, but local experts say it is rarely enforced > anyway. (The onset of puberty is considered an > appropriate time for a marriage to be consummated.) > > Wives in Islamic societies face great difficulty in > suing for divorce, but husbands can be released from > their vows virtually on demand, in some places merely > by saying "I divorce you" three times. Though in most > Muslim states, divorces are entitled to alimony, in > Pakistan it lasts only three months, long enough to > ensure the woman isn't pregnant. The same three-month > rule applies even to the Muslim minority in India. > There, a national law provides for long-term alimony, > but to appease Islamic conservatives, authorities > exempted Muslims. > > Fear of poverty keeps many Muslim women locked in bad > marriages, as does the prospect of losing their > children. Typically, fathers win custody of boys over > the age of six and girls after the onset of puberty. > Maryam, an Iranian woman, says she has stayed married > for 20 years to a philandering opium addict she does > not love because she fears losing guardianship of her > teenage daughter. "Islam supposedly gives me the right > to divorce," she says. "But what about my rights > afterward?" > > Women's rights are compromised further by a section in > the Koran, sura 4: 34, that has been interpreted to > say that men have "pre-eminence" over women or that > they are "overseers" of women. The verse goes on to > say that the husband of an insubordinate wife should > first admonish her, then leave her to sleep alone and > finally beat her. Wife beating is so prevalent in the > Muslim world that social workers who assist battered > women in Egypt, for example, spend much of their time > trying to convince victims that their husbands' > violent acts are unacceptable. > > Beatings are not the worst of female suffering. Each > year hundreds of Muslim women die in "honor killings"— > murders by husbands or male relatives of women > suspected of disobedience, usually a sexual > indiscretion or marriage against the family's wishes. > Typically, the killers are punished lightly, if at > all. In Jordan a man who slays his wife or a close > relative after catching her in the act of adultery is > exempt from punishment. If the situation only suggests > illicit sex, he gets a reduced sentence. The Jordanian > royal family has made the rare move of condemning > honor killings, but the government, fearful of > offending conservatives, has not put its weight behind > a proposal to repeal laws that grant leniency for > killers. Jordan's Islamic Action Front, a powerful > political party, has issued a fatwa, or religious > ruling, saying the proposal would "destroy our > Islamic, social and family values by stripping men of > their humanity when they surprise their wives or > female relatives committing adultery." > > Honor killings are an example of a practice that is > commonly associated with Islam but actually has > broader roots. It is based in medieval tribal culture, > in which a family's authority, and ultimately its > survival, was tightly linked to its honor. Arab > Christians have been known to carry out honor > killings. However, Muslim perpetrators often claim > their crimes are justified by harsh Islamic penalties, > including death for adultery. And so religious and > cultural customs become confused. > > Female circumcision, also called female genital > mutilation, is another case in point. It involves > removing part or all of a girl's clitoris and labia in > an effort to reduce female sexual desire and thereby > preserve chastity. FGM is widespread in sub-Saharan > Africa and in Egypt, with scattered cases in Asia and > other parts of the Middle East. The World Health > Organization estimates that up to 140 million girls > and women have undergone the procedure. Some Muslims > believe it is mandated by Islam, but the practice > predates Muhammad and is also common among some > Christian communities. > > Sexual anxiety lies at the heart of many Islamic > strictures on women. They are required to cover their > bodies—in varying degrees in different places—for fear > they might arouse the lust of men other than their > husbands. The Koran instructs women to "guard their > modesty," not to "display their beauty and ornaments" > and to "draw their veils." Saudi women typically don a > billowy black cloak called an abaya, along with a > black scarf and veil over the face; morality police > enforce the dress code by striking errant women with > sticks. The women of Iran and Sudan can expose the > face but must cover the hair and the neck. > > In most Islamic countries, coverings are technically > optional. Some women, including some feminists, wear > them because they like them. They find that the veil > liberates them from unwanted gazes and hassles from > men. But many Muslim women feel cultural and family > pressure to cover themselves. Recently a Muslim > fundamentalist group in the Indian province of Kashmir > demanded that women start wearing veils. When the call > was ignored, hooligans threw acid in the faces of > uncovered women. > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ( Melanggan ? To : [EMAIL PROTECTED] pada body : SUBSCRIBE HIZB) ( Berhenti ? 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