The ‘inverted circumflex’, as in ‘ă’, is in fact more like a lower
semicircle than an inversion of the circumflex in ‘â’.  It occur alone
and in combination with other marks, as in ‘ặ ’, ‘ắ’, and  ‘ẵ’.

Linguists writing in English, in which it does not occur, sometimes
call it a cup.  In the languages in which it is actually used it has
other names, different in each language.  This is to be expected.  The
mark over the 'a' in 'ä' is, for example, called a diaresis in English
and an umlaut in German.

John Gilmore, Ashland, MA 01721 - USA

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