Great beginning Gurcharan ji! Thanks for all the efforts and committments! Let it keep going till we achieve the eFlora of India.
With regards R. Vijayasankar On Sun, Jun 13, 2010 at 8:35 AM, tanay bose <[email protected]> wrote: > Thanks for the hard work Sir Ji > tanay > > > On Sun, Jun 13, 2010 at 6:47 PM, Gurcharan Singh <[email protected]>wrote: > >> Journey towards eFlora of India: Small steps >> >> Solanum >> >> Some days back I had written to Tabish ji about status of our databases >> and journey towards the preparation of eFlora of India. We seem to have >> reached collecting some data concerning roughly 20 per cent of Indian Flora. >> A rich eFlora should have a few photographs of each species (the major >> strength of our eFlora project), descriptions of species (already a part of >> Flowers of India, but some elaboration needed), Correct nomenclature status >> (partially achieved, authorities and references need be entered). Our >> databases also have added strength of having local names of plants in >> different languages. To my mind two major activities need to be undertaken: >> >> 1. 1. Preparation of list of species under each genus reported in >> India (wild as well as cultivated) so that members can focus on the >> remaining species and upload their photographs to ensure complete >> representation of each genus. >> >> 2. 2. To prepare easy identification keys for the species reported >> from India, to help members and surfers easy identification of species >> >> The situation with regard to present documentation of Indian Flora is that >> we still have to depend on regional Floras, and older these get, less >> reliable they become. There is no better example than the genus Solanum, >> which has been focus of our attention periodically and recently enthusiastic >> efforts of Yazdy ji (who says that only trained taxonomists, with sound >> knowledge of technical details only can contribute to our floristic >> knowledge?, we have to learn a lot from persons like him; Garg ji, Dinesh >> ji, Tabish ji and several other veterans have already proved that) and Raghu >> ji uploading many photographs. I begin with this genus building up taxonomic >> status of species, and request other members to suggest improvements so that >> we know species representation in our subcontinent. You may please look up >> in recent revisions, local floras and suggest species that needs to be >> added. I have tentatively grouped them for easy reference and >> identification. >> >> A. Herbs without prickles >> >> 1. 1. *Solanum nigrum* L.:BLACK NIGHTSHADE, COMMON HIGHTSHADE-- >> Mature berries black, globose, 8-10 mm across; peduncles almost twice as >> long as pedicels; fruiting calyx appressed to fruit; corolla 8-10 mm across; >> anthers 2.5-3.5 mm long. >> >> 2. 2. *Solanum villosum *(L.) Moench. (syn: Solanum nigrum L. var. >> villosum L.; eFlora of Pak.; S. alatum Moench.; S. luteum Mill; S. miniatum >> Bernh. Ex Willd.; s. nigrum auct. (non L.)): RED NIGHTSHADE--Mature berries >> orange to orange-red, ovoid, 6-8 mm across; peduncles shorter than or >> equaling pedicels; anthers 2 mm long. >> >> 3. 3. *Solanum americanum* Mill. (syn: S. nigrum sensu Trimen Handb. >> Fl. Ceylone 3: 231, 1895): AMERICAN NIGHTSHADE--Mature berries black, >> globose, 5-8 mm across; peduncle twice as long as pedicels; fruiting calyx >> spreading; corolla 3-5 mm across; anthers 1-1.5 mm long. >> >> 4. 4. *Solanum lycopersicum* L. (syn: Lycopersicon esculentum >> Mill.): TOMATO--Leaves pinnate compound; flowers yellow; calyx enlarging in >> fruit. >> >> 5. 5. * **Solanum tuberosus* L.: Potato-- plants tuberous; leaves >> pinnate; flowers white or purplish >> >> B. Herbs with Prickles >> >> 6. 6. *Solanum mammosum* L. : MACAWBUSH, NIPLEFRUIT--densely hairy >> and prickly herb; flowers mauve; fruits ovoid-oblong, 4-7 cm long, yellow, >> pointed, with several lobes near base >> >> 7. 7. *Solanum sisymbrifolium* Lam.: DENSE-THORN-BITTER-APPLE, >> STICKY NIGHTSHADE--Prickly herb, leaves deeply pinnately lobed; flowers >> white; fruit bright red, globose, 1-1.5 cm, enclosed in prickly calyx. >> >> C. Herbs with woody base armed or unarmed >> >> 8. 8.* **Solanum melanogena* L.: EGG PLANT : Usually anarmed, >> sometimes armed especially in wild; flocosse-pubescent; leaves sinuate; >> flowers usually solitary, rarely few-flowered; corolla 2-4 cm across, >> bluish; fruits globose or ovoid, more than 3 cm long. >> >> 9. 9. *Solanum integrifolium *Poir.: TOMATO EGG PLANT, SCARLET EGG >> PLANT--Bushy herb, prickles hooked; plant scurfy; leaves sinuately lobed; >> flowers white, in clusters of 2-6, 2 cm across; fruit globose, scarlet or >> yellow, 4-6 cm across. >> >> D. Climbers without prickles >> >> 10. 10. *Solanum laxum *Spreng (syn: S. jasminoides Paxt.): >> POTATO-VINE, JASMINE NIGHTSHADE--Leaves simple, sometimes lobed at base; >> flowers white or tinged blue. >> >> 11. 11. *Solanum dulcamara* L.: EUROPEAN BITTERSWEET—leaves simple, >> entire or 3-lobed at base; fls. Violet spotted with green, 11-13 mm across; >> fruit ovoid, scarlet, 8-10 mm across. >> >> 12. 12. *Solanum seaforthianum* Andr. (syn: S. venustum Kunth): >> BRAZILIAN NIGHTSHADE, POTATO CREEPER-- Leaves pinnate; flowers lilac; fruits >> small, globose, bright red. >> >> E. Climbers with prickles >> >> 13. 13. *Solanum wendlandii* Hook.f.: COSTA RICAN NIGHTSHADE, GIANT >> POTATO CREEPER, PARADISE FLOWER--Leaves pinnate, prickles curved; flowers >> lilac, 5-6 cm across; fruit globose. >> >> F. Shrubs without prickles, flowers white >> >> 14. 14. *Solanum pseudo-capsicum* L.: JERUSALEM-CHERRY---Glabrous >> shrub; leaves narrow-oblong to oblanceolate, entire; peduncle almost absent; >> fls 1-3 together, white, 1-1.5 cm across,; fruit 1-2 cm across, scarlet or >> orange. >> >> 15. 15. *Solanum diphyllum *L.: TWOLEAF NIGHTSHADE—Glabrous hrubLeaves >> elliptic , in unequal pairs; peduncle distinct 3-12 mm long; flowers more >> than 3, white, 4-6 mm across; fruit erect, orange, 7-12 mm across, slightly >> bilobed. >> >> 16. 16. *Solanum erianthum* D. Don (syn: S. verabscifolium L.): Big >> eggplant, China flowerleaf—Single-stemmed shrub or small tree; leaves >> towards tips of branches, with yellowish stellate hairs; inflorescence >> bifurcating, felted; flowers creamy white; fruit globose, 1 cm across, >> yellow covered with stellate hairs >> >> G. Shrubs without prickles, flowers blue or purple >> >> 17. 17. *Solanum pubescens* Willd. Small shrub with ashy-grey tomentum; >> four anthers 4 mm long, one almost 8 mm; fruit globose, glossy red, 1.5 cm >> across. >> >> 18. 18. *Solanum mauritianum* Scop. (syn: s. auriculatum Ait.): Bug >> tree, Wild tomato tree—Shrub or small tree, branches and leaves, grey-green, >> not silvery white; leaf axils with small auricle-like leaves; corolla blue, >> 9-11 mm across; fruit globose, 1.5 cm across, orange-yellow, densely >> stellate pubescent. >> >> 19. 19. *Solanum kurzii* Brace—Small tree with stellate tomentum; >> leaves lobed; fls 8-10 mm across, purple. >> >> H. Shrubs with prickles , prickles straight, without broad base; >> flowers white >> >> 20. 20. *Solanum capsicoides* All. (syn: S. aculeatissimum Clarke in >> FBI 4:237 (non. Jacq.); S. ciliatum Lam.): COCKROACH-BERYY, DEVILS’ >> APPLE--Small shrub not taller than 50 cm; prickles straight, needle-like; >> leaves acutely lobed; calyx prickly; corolla 6 mm across; fruit globose 2.5 >> cm across, pale green with dark green markings, orange red at maturity. >> >> 21. 21. *Solanum lasiocarpum *Scop. (syn: S. ferox Clarke FBI 4:233 >> (non L.); S. straminifolium Gandhi & Saldanha Fl Hassan Dist. 462 (non >> Jacq.)): INDIAN NIGHTSHADE, MAO QUI—Shrub with long straight prickles, >> densely pubescent; leaves up to 40 cm long with short triangular lobes; >> infl. Few-fld; corolla 1.2 cm across, white; fruit globose 2-3 cm across, >> orange, densely covered with hairs. >> >> I. Shrubs with prickles, prickles curved with broad base; flowers >> white >> >> 22. 22. *Solanum torvum* Sw.: DEVIL’ FIG, PEA EGGPLANT, >> TURKEYBERRY—branches stellate hairy; leaves coarsely sinuate, unequal sided >> at base; inflorescence with numerous flowers, dichotomous; flowers 2-2.5 cm >> across, white; fruit 8-12 mm across, globose, yellow turning orange. >> >> 23. 23. *Solanum anguivi* Lam. (syn: S. distichum Schum.; S. indicum >> auct. (non L.); S. sodomeum L.); Shrub with spreading branches; prickles >> few, short; stellate hairy; leaves elliptical-ovate or with 2–4 pairs of >> lobes, base oblique; fls in raceme-like cyme, 5–15-flowered; corolla 6–12 mm >> across, white, occasionally with pale purple veins on the outer surface; >> fruit subglobose, 7–18 mm, green or white when young, red when ripe, in >> clusters of up to 20 fruits. >> >> 24. 24. *Solanum hispidum *Pers.: DEVILS’ FIG—Hispid shrub or tree, >> prickles curved down; leaves deeply pinnately lobed, ferruginous; corolla >> white, 3 cm across; fruit globose, 15 mm across, yellowish brown. >> >> 25. 25. *Solanum aculeatissimum *Jacq. (syn: S. khasianum Cl.): DUTCH >> EGGPLANT, LOVE APPLE—Shrub hirsute with long soft hairs, prickles up to 2 cm >> long, with broad base, straight or slightly curved; leaves deeply lobed; >> corolla white or pink, 2 cm across; berry globose, 2-3 cm across, pale >> yellow. >> >> 26. 26. *Solanum viarum* Dunal (syn: S. khasianum Cl. var. >> chatterjeanum S. Gupta): TROPICAL SODA APPLE—Small shrub with glandular >> hairs; prickles up to 5 mm long, curved as well straight; infl 1-5 fld, >> peduncle reduced; corolla white; berry pale yellow, 2-3 cm across. >> >> J. Shrubs with prickles, prickles straight; flowers blue or violet >> >> 27. 27. *Solanum virginianum* L. (syn: S. xanthocarpum Schrad. & >> Wendl.; S. surattense Burm.f.): YELLOW FRUIT NIGHTSHADE—Small prickly shrub >> up to 40 cm; prickles straight yellow; leaves deeply lobed, greenish and >> glabrescent; fls 2 cm across, violet; fruit globose, yellow, 2 cm across. >> >> K. Shrubs with prickles, prickles curved with broad base; flowers >> blue or purple >> >> 28. 28. *Solanum violaceum * Ortega (syn: Solanum indicum Clarke in FBI >> 4: 234 (non L.); Slender shrub with short curved prickles; leaves lobed, >> unequal at base; corolla-blue-purple, 2-2.5 cm across; fruit, globose, >> orange, 1 cm across. >> >> 29. 29. *Solanum trilobatum* L.: Scrambling shrub, prickles curved; >> leaves obtusely 3-5 lobed; infl. 3-9 fld; corolla purple, 2-3cm across; >> fruit globose, 1.5 cm across, scarlet. >> >> L. Shrubs with prickles on stem, not on leaves >> >> 30. 30. *Solanum giganteum *Jacq.: African holly—Single-stemmed >> tree-like; prickles stout, short; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, glossy >> above, silvery-white beneath; cymose clusters on 2-3 cm long peduncle; >> flowers mauve, ca 1 cm across; fruit 9-11 mm across, globose, glossy red >> when mature. >> >> 31. 31. *Solanum gracilipes* Decne—small shrub, hairs stellate; leaves >> small, about 4 cm long, cordate; infl. 1-3 fld; fls 2 cm across. >> >> >> >> >> >> -- >> Dr. Gurcharan Singh >> Retired Associate Professor >> SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 >> Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018. >> Phone: 011-25518297 Mob: 9810359089 >> http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "efloraofindia" group. >> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> [email protected]<indiantreepix%[email protected]> >> . >> For more options, visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix?hl=en. >> > > > > -- > Tanay Bose > +91(033) 25550676 (Resi) > 9830439691(Mobile) > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "efloraofindia" group. > To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > [email protected]<indiantreepix%[email protected]> > . > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix?hl=en. > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "efloraofindia" group. 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