Fikret Berkes & others in the Resilience Alliance have talked about the
need to bring together transformation & memory (I don't remember if they
use those terms exactly). Transformation of course is essential for
adaptation, but, as Janita asks, how do we incorporate memory; how do we
make learning sustainable? Those of us who long ago learned to distrust
institutions find ourselves trying to invent new ones (which is why Jmes
Kay & I started nes - www.nesh.ca), in order that the learning is
retained. I feel ambivalent about doing that, however, since the
sustainable institutionalization of learning can put such a drag on
transformation - but I guess that's the point. When I described to a
theologian friend of mine the debates between ecologists wanting to
"preserve" ecological integrity in some historical sense, and those who
saw change and transformation as essential to evolution, hereplied: oh
that sounds like the German theological debates in the 1930s. The Nazis
favoured ecological integrity and stability. A sobering reminder of the
need to embrace contradiction, I suppose.

Janita Vos wrote:
> 
> Hello everyone, reentering the conference after a few days. A few notes
> on the issue of organizational learning, or perhaps better collective
> learning.
> Chris Argyrys wrote his foundational books on organizational learning
> many years ago. I am afraid though that the relationship between
> individual learning and collective learning is still an unresolved
> matter. Individuals learn (or are able to learn) and only under the
> right circumstances a collective (being a group, an organization or a
> community) is able to learn. This depends on the individuals within the
> collective (their learning capacity) as well as the various structural
> circumstances (as enablers of learning) of the collective. This note is
> not meant to be negative, I just believe it is important to acknowledge
> the crucial role of individuals for making collective learning possible,
> that makes that "Human systems are different" (see Vickers, ..). We all
> might have experienced situations in which a leaving individual results
> into the collapse of a functioning group (or even an organization) and
> the other way around: an entering individual into the revival of a
> collective.
> Having said all this, I see the at least two issues/dilemma's for
> collective learning:
> - First, the dilemma of making a collective 'individual-proof': the
> learning capacity of a collective depends on both the indepence of
> individual capacities _and_ the susceptibility/responsiveness to
> individual capacities.
> - Second, (in relation to the first) the endurability of collective
> learning. Perhaps sustainability is a better word in this context: how
> to make collective learning sustainable. I was really impressed by all
> the tools and methods that are offered here, but even if a method works
> great in contributing to collective learning: what should be done to
> make it (more) sustainable? Does this perhaps mean that
> instruments/tools have a 'best-before date' in a collective?
> regards, Janita
> 
> --
> Dr. Janita F.J. Vos
> Faculty of Management and Organization
> University of Groningen
> The Netherlands
> E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Tel. +31 50 363 7161
> 
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-- 
David Waltner-Toews
Professor
Department of Population Medicine
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Tel 519-824-4120 ext 54745
Fax 519-763-3117
email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
web sites:
www.ovcnet.uoguelph.ca/popmed/ecosys/index.html
(personal/professional/courses) 
www.nesh.ca (Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health)
www.eccho.ca (Ecosystems, Climate Change and Health Omnibus Project)

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