raoraoxiong commented on code in PR #28998:
URL: https://github.com/apache/flink/pull/28998#discussion_r3925822437


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flink-table/flink-table-planner/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/table/planner/plan/nodes/exec/utils/PythonCallDeduplicator.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.utils;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.Internal;
+import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.utils.PythonUtil;
+import org.apache.flink.table.planner.utils.ShortcutUtils;
+
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexCall;
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexNode;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Utility for Python UDF Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) of nested 
calls.
+ *
+ * <p>Nested Python UDF call trees are flattened in post-order and 
deduplicated by structural
+ * equivalence, so that a sub-expression shared between calls is evaluated 
only once by the Python
+ * worker. Duplicates between whole projection entries are already removed in 
the planner by {@code
+ * RemoteCalcProjectionCseRule}, so this only concerns sub-expressions.
+ */
+@Internal
+public class PythonCallDeduplicator {
+
+    /**
+     * Flattens the given Python UDF call trees and deduplicates the resulting 
calls.
+     *
+     * <p>Flattening all trees into a single list enables cross-subtree reuse: 
e.g. in {@code SELECT
+     * udf1(x), udf2(udf1(x))}, the inner {@code udf1(x)} is evaluated only 
once and {@code udf2}
+     * receives its result by reference.
+     */
+    public static PythonCallCseResult deduplicate(List<RexCall> 
pythonRexCalls) {

Review Comment:
   **Flattening without any sharing.** Agreed, and thanks for pointing at the 
cost
   rather than just the shape — the per-record result list is the part that 
matters.
   Deduplication is what proves sharing, so if it did not merge any entry the
   original call trees are now kept and the worker nests them as before. One 
thing
   worth noting: my first attempt compared the deduplicated size against the 
number
   of projections, which would have skipped `SELECT Det(Det(s)), Det(s)` — a 
case
   that does share. Comparing against the flattened size instead keeps that 
working.
   



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