gguptp commented on code in PR #206:
URL: 
https://github.com/apache/flink-connector-aws/pull/206#discussion_r4097567620


##########
flink-catalog-aws/flink-catalog-aws-glue/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/table/catalog/glue/GlueCatalog.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,1818 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.table.api.Schema;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.AbstractCatalog;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogBaseTable;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogDatabase;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogFunction;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogPartition;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogPartitionImpl;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogPartitionSpec;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogTable;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.CatalogView;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.ObjectPath;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.ResolvedCatalogBaseTable;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.CatalogException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.DatabaseAlreadyExistException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.DatabaseNotEmptyException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.DatabaseNotExistException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.FunctionAlreadyExistException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.FunctionNotExistException;
+import 
org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.PartitionAlreadyExistsException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.PartitionNotExistException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.PartitionSpecInvalidException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.TableAlreadyExistException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.TableNotExistException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.TableNotPartitionedException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.exceptions.TablePartitionedException;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.operator.GlueDatabaseOperator;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.operator.GlueFunctionOperator;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.operator.GluePartitionOperator;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.operator.GlueTableOperator;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.util.GlueCatalogConstants;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.util.GlueTableUtils;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.util.GlueTypeConverter;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.stats.CatalogColumnStatistics;
+import org.apache.flink.table.catalog.stats.CatalogTableStatistics;
+import org.apache.flink.table.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.flink.table.functions.FunctionIdentifier;
+import org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.flink.util.StringUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.GlueClient;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Partition;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.PartitionInput;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.StorageDescriptor;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Table;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.TableInput;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * GlueCatalog is an implementation of the Flink AbstractCatalog that 
interacts with AWS Glue. This
+ * class allows Flink to perform various catalog operations such as creating, 
deleting, and
+ * retrieving databases and tables from Glue. It encapsulates AWS Glue's API 
and provides a
+ * Flink-compatible interface.
+ *
+ * <p>This catalog uses GlueClient to interact with AWS Glue services, and 
operations related to
+ * databases and tables are delegated to respective helper classes like 
GlueDatabaseOperations and
+ * GlueTableOperations.
+ */
+public class GlueCatalog extends AbstractCatalog {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlueCatalog.class);
+
+    private GlueClient glueClient;
+    private GlueTypeConverter glueTypeConverter;
+    private GlueDatabaseOperator glueDatabaseOperations;
+    private GlueTableOperator glueTableOperations;
+    private GlueFunctionOperator glueFunctionsOperations;
+    private GluePartitionOperator gluePartitionOperations;
+    private GlueTableUtils glueTableUtils;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a GlueCatalog with a provided Glue client.
+     *
+     * @param name the name of the catalog
+     * @param defaultDatabase the default database for the catalog
+     * @param region the AWS region to be used for Glue operations
+     * @param glueClient Glue Client so we can decide which one to use for 
testing
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    GlueCatalog(String name, String defaultDatabase, String region, GlueClient 
glueClient) {
+        super(name, defaultDatabase);
+
+        // Validate region parameter
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(region, "region cannot be null");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(!region.trim().isEmpty(), "region cannot 
be empty");
+
+        // Initialize GlueClient in the constructor
+        if (glueClient != null) {
+            setup(glueClient);
+        } else {
+            // If no GlueClient is provided, initialize it using the default 
region
+            GlueClient client = 
GlueClient.builder().region(Region.of(region)).build();
+            setup(client);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a GlueCatalog with default client.
+     *
+     * @param name the name of the catalog
+     * @param defaultDatabase the default database for the catalog
+     * @param region the AWS region to be used for Glue operations
+     */
+    public GlueCatalog(String name, String defaultDatabase, String region) {
+        super(name, defaultDatabase);
+
+        // Validate region parameter
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(region, "region cannot be null");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(!region.trim().isEmpty(), "region cannot 
be empty");
+
+        // Create a synchronized client builder to avoid concurrent 
modification exceptions
+        GlueClient client =
+                GlueClient.builder()
+                        .region(Region.of(region))
+                        .credentialsProvider(
+                                
software.amazon.awssdk.auth.credentials.DefaultCredentialsProvider
+                                        .create())
+                        .build();
+        setup(client);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Private helper method to set up the GlueCatalog with a GlueClient 
instance. This method
+     * initializes all the necessary components and operators.
+     *
+     * @param glueClient the GlueClient to use for AWS Glue operations
+     */
+    private void setup(GlueClient glueClient) {
+        this.glueClient = glueClient;
+        this.glueTypeConverter = new GlueTypeConverter();
+        this.glueTableUtils = new GlueTableUtils(glueTypeConverter);
+        this.glueDatabaseOperations = new GlueDatabaseOperator(glueClient, 
getName());
+        this.glueTableOperations = new GlueTableOperator(glueClient, 
getName());
+        this.glueFunctionsOperations = new GlueFunctionOperator(glueClient, 
getName());
+        this.gluePartitionOperations = new GluePartitionOperator(glueClient, 
getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates that a database exists, throwing DatabaseNotExistException if 
it doesn't.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database to validate
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while checking database 
existence
+     */
+    private void validateDatabaseExists(String databaseName)
+            throws DatabaseNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+
+        if (!databaseExists(databaseName)) {
+            throw new DatabaseNotExistException(getName(), databaseName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Opens the GlueCatalog and initializes necessary resources.
+     *
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs during the opening process
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void open() throws CatalogException {
+        LOG.info("Opening GlueCatalog with client: {}", glueClient);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the GlueCatalog and releases resources.
+     *
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs during the closing process
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws CatalogException {
+        if (glueClient != null) {
+            LOG.info("Closing GlueCatalog client");
+            // The AWS SDK close() is best-effort and does not surface 
exceptions,
+            // so no retry logic is required here.
+            glueClient.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lists all the databases available in the Glue catalog.
+     *
+     * @return a list of database names
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while listing the databases
+     */
+    @Override
+    public List<String> listDatabases() throws CatalogException {
+        return glueDatabaseOperations.listDatabases();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a specific database by its name.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database to retrieve
+     * @return the database if found
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while retrieving the 
database
+     */
+    @Override
+    public CatalogDatabase getDatabase(String databaseName)
+            throws DatabaseNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+
+        // Use case-insensitive database name resolution
+        String glueDatabaseName = findGlueDatabaseName(databaseName);
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            throw new DatabaseNotExistException(getName(), databaseName);
+        }
+
+        return glueDatabaseOperations.getDatabase(glueDatabaseName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a database exists in Glue.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database
+     * @return true if the database exists, false otherwise
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while checking the database
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean databaseExists(String databaseName) throws CatalogException 
{
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+
+        // Use case-insensitive database name resolution
+        return findGlueDatabaseName(databaseName) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new database in Glue.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database to create
+     * @param catalogDatabase the catalog database object containing database 
metadata
+     * @param ifNotExists flag indicating whether to ignore the error if the 
database already exists
+     * @throws DatabaseAlreadyExistException if the database already exists 
and ifNotExists is false
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while creating the database
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void createDatabase(
+            String databaseName, CatalogDatabase catalogDatabase, boolean 
ifNotExists)
+            throws DatabaseAlreadyExistException, CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(catalogDatabase, "CatalogDatabase cannot be 
null");
+
+        // Check for exact case match first
+        boolean exactExists = databaseExists(databaseName);
+        if (exactExists && !ifNotExists) {
+            throw new DatabaseAlreadyExistException(getName(), databaseName);
+        }
+        if (exactExists) {
+            return; // Database exists with exact case, and IF NOT EXISTS is 
true
+        }
+
+        // Check for case-insensitive collision (Glue limitation)
+        String conflictingDatabase = findCaseInsensitiveConflict(databaseName);
+        if (conflictingDatabase != null) {
+            String message =
+                    String.format(
+                            "Cannot create database '%s' because it conflicts 
with existing database '%s'. "
+                                    + "AWS Glue stores database names in 
lowercase, so '%s' and '%s' would both be stored as '%s'.",
+                            databaseName,
+                            conflictingDatabase,
+                            databaseName,
+                            conflictingDatabase,
+                            databaseName.toLowerCase());
+            throw new DatabaseAlreadyExistException(
+                    getName(), databaseName, new CatalogException(message));
+        }
+
+        // Safe to create - no exact match and no case conflicts
+        glueDatabaseOperations.createDatabase(databaseName, catalogDatabase);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drops an existing database in Glue.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database to drop
+     * @param ignoreIfNotExists flag to ignore the exception if the database 
doesn't exist
+     * @param cascade flag indicating whether to cascade the operation to drop 
related objects
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist and 
ignoreIfNotExists is
+     *     false
+     * @throws DatabaseNotEmptyException if the database contains objects and 
cascade is false
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while dropping the database
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void dropDatabase(String databaseName, boolean ignoreIfNotExists, 
boolean cascade)
+            throws DatabaseNotExistException, DatabaseNotEmptyException, 
CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+
+        if (!databaseExists(databaseName)) {
+            if (!ignoreIfNotExists) {
+                throw new DatabaseNotExistException(getName(), databaseName);
+            }
+            return; // Database doesn't exist and ignoreIfNotExists is true
+        }
+
+        // Check if database is empty (contains no tables, views, or functions)
+        boolean isEmpty = isDatabaseEmpty(databaseName);
+
+        if (!isEmpty && !cascade) {
+            throw new DatabaseNotEmptyException(getName(), databaseName);
+        }
+
+        if (!isEmpty && cascade) {
+            // Drop all objects in the database before dropping the database
+            dropAllObjectsInDatabase(databaseName);
+        }
+
+        // Drop the database
+        glueDatabaseOperations.dropGlueDatabase(databaseName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a database is empty (contains no tables, views, or functions).
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database to check
+     * @return true if the database is empty, false otherwise
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while checking the database 
contents
+     */
+    private boolean isDatabaseEmpty(String databaseName) throws 
CatalogException {
+        try {
+            // Check for tables
+            List<String> tables = listTables(databaseName);
+            if (!tables.isEmpty()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Check for views
+            List<String> views = listViews(databaseName);
+            if (!views.isEmpty()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Check for functions
+            List<String> functions = listFunctions(databaseName);
+            if (!functions.isEmpty()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        } catch (DatabaseNotExistException e) {
+            // This shouldn't happen since we checked existence earlier, but 
handle it gracefully
+            throw new CatalogException("Database " + databaseName + " does not 
exist", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drops all objects (tables, views, functions) in a database. This is 
used when cascade=true in
+     * dropDatabase.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while dropping objects
+     */
+    private void dropAllObjectsInDatabase(String databaseName) throws 
CatalogException {
+        try {
+            // Drop all tables
+            List<String> tables = listTables(databaseName);
+            for (String tableName : tables) {
+                ObjectPath tablePath = new ObjectPath(databaseName, tableName);
+                dropTable(tablePath, true); // Use ifExists=true to avoid 
exceptions
+            }
+
+            // Drop all views (views are also stored as tables in Glue, so 
they should be handled by
+            // dropTable above)
+            // But let's be explicit and handle them separately if needed
+            List<String> views = listViews(databaseName);
+            for (String viewName : views) {
+                ObjectPath viewPath = new ObjectPath(databaseName, viewName);
+                // Views are handled as tables in Glue, so dropTable should 
work
+                dropTable(viewPath, true);
+            }
+
+            // Drop all functions
+            List<String> functions = listFunctions(databaseName);
+            for (String functionName : functions) {
+                ObjectPath functionPath = new ObjectPath(databaseName, 
functionName);
+                dropFunction(functionPath, true); // Use 
ignoreIfNotExists=true to avoid exceptions
+            }
+
+            LOG.info("Successfully dropped all objects in database: {}", 
databaseName);
+        } catch (DatabaseNotExistException e) {
+            throw new CatalogException("Database " + databaseName + " does not 
exist", e);
+        } catch (TableNotExistException | FunctionNotExistException e) {
+            // This could happen in concurrent scenarios, but we use 
ifExists/ignoreIfNotExists
+            // flags
+            LOG.warn(
+                    "Object was already deleted while cascading drop for 
database: {}",
+                    databaseName,
+                    e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lists all tables in a specified database.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database
+     * @return a list of table names in the database
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while listing the tables
+     */
+    @Override
+    public List<String> listTables(String databaseName)
+            throws DatabaseNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+
+        validateDatabaseExists(databaseName);
+
+        // Use the proper database name resolution
+        String glueDatabaseName = findGlueDatabaseName(databaseName);
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            throw new DatabaseNotExistException(getName(), databaseName);
+        }
+
+        // Return original table names with case preserved
+        return 
glueTableOperations.listTablesWithOriginalNames(glueDatabaseName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a table from the catalog using its object path.
+     *
+     * @param objectPath the object path of the table to retrieve
+     * @return the corresponding CatalogBaseTable for the specified table
+     * @throws TableNotExistException if the table does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while retrieving the table
+     */
+    @Override
+    public CatalogBaseTable getTable(ObjectPath objectPath)
+            throws TableNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        String originalDatabaseName = objectPath.getDatabaseName();
+        String originalTableName = objectPath.getObjectName();
+
+        // Convert to Glue storage names - Use proper database resolution
+        String glueDatabaseName = findGlueDatabaseName(originalDatabaseName);
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            throw new TableNotExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+        }
+
+        // Use direct lowercase lookup first (like databases), then fall back 
to complex search
+        String glueTableName = findGlueTableName(glueDatabaseName, 
originalTableName);
+        if (glueTableName == null) {
+            throw new TableNotExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+        }
+
+        // Get the table using Glue storage names
+        Table glueTable = glueTableOperations.getGlueTable(glueDatabaseName, 
glueTableName);
+        return getCatalogBaseTableFromGlueTable(glueTable);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a table exists in the Glue catalog.
+     *
+     * @param objectPath the object path of the table to check
+     * @return true if the table exists, false otherwise
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while checking the table's 
existence
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean tableExists(ObjectPath objectPath) throws CatalogException {
+        String originalDatabaseName = objectPath.getDatabaseName();
+        String originalTableName = objectPath.getObjectName();
+
+        // Convert to Glue storage names - Use proper database resolution
+        String glueDatabaseName = findGlueDatabaseName(originalDatabaseName);
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            return false; // Database doesn't exist, so table can't exist
+        }
+
+        // Use efficient table name resolution
+        String glueTableName = findGlueTableName(glueDatabaseName, 
originalTableName);
+        return glueTableName != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drops a table from the Glue catalog.
+     *
+     * @param objectPath the object path of the table to drop
+     * @param ifExists flag indicating whether to ignore the exception if the 
table does not exist
+     * @throws TableNotExistException if the table does not exist and ifExists 
is false
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while dropping the table
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void dropTable(ObjectPath objectPath, boolean ifExists)
+            throws TableNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        String originalDatabaseName = objectPath.getDatabaseName();
+        String originalTableName = objectPath.getObjectName();
+
+        // Convert to Glue storage names - Use proper database resolution
+        String glueDatabaseName = findGlueDatabaseName(originalDatabaseName);
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            if (!ifExists) {
+                throw new TableNotExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+            }
+            return; // Database doesn't exist, so table can't exist
+        }
+
+        // Use efficient table name resolution
+        String glueTableName = findGlueTableName(glueDatabaseName, 
originalTableName);
+        if (glueTableName == null) {
+            if (!ifExists) {
+                throw new TableNotExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+            }
+            return; // Table doesn't exist, and IF EXISTS is true
+        }
+
+        // Drop the table using Glue storage names
+        glueTableOperations.dropTable(glueDatabaseName, glueTableName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a table in the Glue catalog.
+     *
+     * @param objectPath the object path of the table to create
+     * @param catalogBaseTable the table definition containing the schema and 
properties
+     * @param ifNotExists flag indicating whether to ignore the exception if 
the table already
+     *     exists
+     * @throws NullPointerException if objectPath or catalogBaseTable is null
+     * @throws TableAlreadyExistException if the table already exists and 
ifNotExists is false
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while creating the table
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void createTable(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogBaseTable catalogBaseTable, boolean 
ifNotExists)
+            throws TableAlreadyExistException, DatabaseNotExistException, 
CatalogException {
+
+        // Validate that required parameters are not null
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(objectPath, "ObjectPath cannot be null");
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(catalogBaseTable, "CatalogBaseTable cannot 
be null");
+
+        String originalDatabaseName = objectPath.getDatabaseName();
+        String originalTableName = objectPath.getObjectName();
+
+        // Check if the database exists
+        validateDatabaseExists(originalDatabaseName);
+
+        // Check for exact case match first
+        boolean exactExists = tableExists(objectPath);
+        if (exactExists && !ifNotExists) {
+            throw new TableAlreadyExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+        }
+        if (exactExists) {
+            return; // Table exists with exact case, and IF NOT EXISTS is true
+        }
+
+        // Check for case-insensitive collision (Glue limitation)
+        String conflictingTable = findCaseInsensitiveTableConflict(objectPath);
+        if (conflictingTable != null) {
+            String message =
+                    String.format(
+                            "Cannot create table '%s.%s' because it conflicts 
with existing table '%s.%s'. "
+                                    + "AWS Glue stores table names in 
lowercase, so '%s' and '%s' would both be stored as '%s'.",
+                            originalDatabaseName,
+                            originalTableName,
+                            originalDatabaseName,
+                            conflictingTable,
+                            originalTableName,
+                            conflictingTable,
+                            originalTableName.toLowerCase());
+            throw new TableAlreadyExistException(
+                    getName(), objectPath, new CatalogException(message));
+        }
+
+        // Get common properties
+        Map<String, String> tableProperties = new 
HashMap<>(catalogBaseTable.getOptions());
+
+        try {
+            // Process based on table type
+            if (catalogBaseTable.getTableKind() == 
CatalogBaseTable.TableKind.TABLE) {
+                createRegularTable(objectPath, (CatalogTable) 
catalogBaseTable, tableProperties);
+            } else if (catalogBaseTable.getTableKind() == 
CatalogBaseTable.TableKind.VIEW) {
+                createView(objectPath, (CatalogView) catalogBaseTable, 
tableProperties);
+            } else {
+                throw new CatalogException(
+                        "Unsupported table kind: " + 
catalogBaseTable.getTableKind());
+            }
+            LOG.info(
+                    "Successfully created {}.{} of kind {}",
+                    originalDatabaseName,
+                    originalTableName,
+                    catalogBaseTable.getTableKind());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format(
+                            "Failed to create table %s.%s: %s",
+                            originalDatabaseName, originalTableName, 
e.getMessage()),
+                    e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lists all views in a specified database.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database
+     * @return a list of view names in the database
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while listing the views
+     */
+    @Override
+    public List<String> listViews(String databaseName)
+            throws DatabaseNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+
+        // Check if the database exists before listing views
+        validateDatabaseExists(databaseName);
+
+        // Use proper database name resolution
+        String glueDatabaseName = findGlueDatabaseName(databaseName);
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            throw new DatabaseNotExistException(getName(), databaseName);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Get all tables in the database
+            List<Table> allTables =
+                    glueClient
+                            .getTables(builder -> 
builder.databaseName(glueDatabaseName))
+                            .tableList();
+
+            // Filter tables to only include those that are of type VIEW, and 
return original names
+            List<String> viewNames =
+                    allTables.stream()
+                            .filter(
+                                    table -> {
+                                        String tableType = table.tableType();
+                                        return tableType != null
+                                                && tableType.equalsIgnoreCase(
+                                                        
CatalogBaseTable.TableKind.VIEW.name());
+                                    })
+                            .map(table -> 
glueTableOperations.getOriginalTableName(table))
+                            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+            return viewNames;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Failed to list views in database {}: {}", databaseName, 
e.getMessage());
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format(
+                            "Error listing views in database %s: %s", 
databaseName, e.getMessage()),
+                    e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void alterDatabase(String s, CatalogDatabase catalogDatabase, 
boolean b)
+            throws DatabaseNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "Altering databases is not supported by the Glue Catalog.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void renameTable(ObjectPath objectPath, String s, boolean b)
+            throws TableNotExistException, TableAlreadyExistException, 
CatalogException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "Renaming tables is not supported by the Glue Catalog.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void alterTable(ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogBaseTable 
catalogBaseTable, boolean b)
+            throws TableNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(objectPath, "ObjectPath cannot be null");
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(catalogBaseTable, "CatalogBaseTable cannot 
be null");
+
+        // Resolve Glue storage names with the same case-insensitive 
resolution as getTable.
+        String glueDatabaseName = 
findGlueDatabaseName(objectPath.getDatabaseName());
+        String glueTableName =
+                glueDatabaseName == null
+                        ? null
+                        : findGlueTableName(glueDatabaseName, 
objectPath.getObjectName());
+        if (glueTableName == null) {
+            if (b) {
+                return;
+            }
+            throw new TableNotExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+        }
+
+        if (catalogBaseTable.getTableKind() != 
CatalogBaseTable.TableKind.TABLE) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Altering non-TABLE objects is not supported by the Glue 
Catalog.");
+        }
+
+        // Preserve the originally declared table name (case) across the alter.
+        Table existingTable = 
glueTableOperations.getGlueTable(glueDatabaseName, glueTableName);
+        String originalTableName = 
glueTableOperations.getOriginalTableName(existingTable);
+
+        CatalogTable catalogTable = (CatalogTable) catalogBaseTable;
+        Map<String, String> tableProperties = new 
HashMap<>(catalogTable.getOptions());
+        String tableLocation = 
glueTableUtils.extractTableLocation(tableProperties, objectPath);
+
+        ResolvedCatalogBaseTable<?> resolvedTable = 
(ResolvedCatalogBaseTable<?>) catalogTable;
+        List<String> partitionKeys = catalogTable.getPartitionKeys();
+
+        List<software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column> dataColumns = 
new ArrayList<>();
+        Map<String, software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column> 
partitionColumnsByName =
+                new HashMap<>();
+        for (org.apache.flink.table.catalog.Column flinkColumn :
+                resolvedTable.getResolvedSchema().getColumns()) {
+            software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column glueColumn =
+                    glueTableUtils.mapFlinkColumnToGlueColumn(flinkColumn);
+            if (partitionKeys.contains(flinkColumn.getName())) {
+                partitionColumnsByName.put(flinkColumn.getName(), glueColumn);
+            } else {
+                dataColumns.add(glueColumn);
+            }
+        }
+        List<software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column> 
partitionColumns =
+                partitionKeys.stream()
+                        .map(partitionColumnsByName::get)
+                        .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        StorageDescriptor storageDescriptor =
+                glueTableUtils.buildStorageDescriptor(tableProperties, 
dataColumns, tableLocation);
+
+        TableInput tableInput =
+                glueTableOperations.buildTableInput(
+                        originalTableName,
+                        partitionColumns,
+                        catalogTable,
+                        storageDescriptor,
+                        tableProperties);
+
+        glueTableOperations.updateTable(glueDatabaseName, tableInput);
+        LOG.info(
+                "Successfully altered {}.{}",
+                objectPath.getDatabaseName(),
+                objectPath.getObjectName());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CatalogPartitionSpec> listPartitions(ObjectPath objectPath)
+            throws TableNotExistException, TableNotPartitionedException, 
CatalogException {
+        GlueTableRef tableRef = resolvePartitionedTable(objectPath);
+        List<String> partitionKeys = tableRef.partitionKeys();
+        return gluePartitionOperations
+                .listPartitions(tableRef.databaseName, tableRef.tableName)
+                .stream()
+                .map(partition -> toPartitionSpec(partitionKeys, 
partition.values()))
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CatalogPartitionSpec> listPartitions(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec)
+            throws TableNotExistException,
+                    TableNotPartitionedException,
+                    PartitionSpecInvalidException,
+                    CatalogException {
+        GlueTableRef tableRef = resolvePartitionedTable(objectPath);
+        List<String> partitionKeys = tableRef.partitionKeys();
+
+        Map<String, String> partialSpec =
+                catalogPartitionSpec == null
+                        ? Collections.emptyMap()
+                        : catalogPartitionSpec.getPartitionSpec();
+        // Flink's Catalog contract: a partial spec referencing unknown 
partition keys is invalid.
+        if (!partitionKeys.containsAll(partialSpec.keySet())) {
+            throw new PartitionSpecInvalidException(
+                    getName(), partitionKeys, objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+        }
+
+        return gluePartitionOperations
+                .listPartitions(tableRef.databaseName, tableRef.tableName)
+                .stream()
+                .map(partition -> toPartitionSpec(partitionKeys, 
partition.values()))
+                .filter(
+                        spec ->
+                                spec.getPartitionSpec()
+                                        .entrySet()
+                                        .containsAll(partialSpec.entrySet()))
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<CatalogPartitionSpec> listPartitionsByFilter(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, List<Expression> list)
+            throws TableNotExistException, TableNotPartitionedException, 
CatalogException {
+        // Expression push-down to Glue partition filters is not implemented. 
Flink's planner
+        // catches UnsupportedOperationException and falls back to 
listPartitions().
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "Listing partitions by filter expression is not supported by 
the Glue Catalog.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CatalogPartition getPartition(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        Partition partition = getGluePartitionOrNull(objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+        if (partition == null) {
+            throw new PartitionNotExistException(getName(), objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+        }
+
+        Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<>();
+        if (partition.parameters() != null) {
+            properties.putAll(partition.parameters());
+        }
+        if (partition.storageDescriptor() != null
+                && partition.storageDescriptor().location() != null) {
+            properties.put(
+                    GlueCatalogConstants.PARTITION_LOCATION,
+                    partition.storageDescriptor().location());
+        }
+        return new CatalogPartitionImpl(properties, null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean partitionExists(ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogPartitionSpec 
catalogPartitionSpec)
+            throws CatalogException {
+        try {
+            return getGluePartitionOrNull(objectPath, catalogPartitionSpec) != 
null;
+        } catch (PartitionNotExistException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void createPartition(
+            ObjectPath objectPath,
+            CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec,
+            CatalogPartition catalogPartition,
+            boolean ifNotExists)
+            throws TableNotExistException,
+                    TableNotPartitionedException,
+                    PartitionSpecInvalidException,
+                    PartitionAlreadyExistsException,
+                    CatalogException {
+        GlueTableRef tableRef = resolvePartitionedTable(objectPath);
+        List<String> partitionKeys = tableRef.partitionKeys();
+
+        Map<String, String> spec = catalogPartitionSpec.getPartitionSpec();
+        if (!spec.keySet().equals(new HashSet<>(partitionKeys))) {
+            throw new PartitionSpecInvalidException(
+                    getName(), partitionKeys, objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+        }
+        List<String> partitionValues =
+                
partitionKeys.stream().map(spec::get).collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        Map<String, String> partitionProperties =
+                catalogPartition == null
+                        ? new HashMap<>()
+                        : new HashMap<>(catalogPartition.getProperties());
+        String location = 
partitionProperties.remove(GlueCatalogConstants.PARTITION_LOCATION);
+        StorageDescriptor.Builder sdBuilder =
+                tableRef.glueTable.storageDescriptor() != null
+                        ? tableRef.glueTable.storageDescriptor().toBuilder()
+                        : StorageDescriptor.builder();
+        if (location != null) {
+            sdBuilder.location(location);
+        } else if (tableRef.glueTable.storageDescriptor() != null
+                && tableRef.glueTable.storageDescriptor().location() != null) {
+            sdBuilder.location(
+                    buildDefaultPartitionLocation(
+                            tableRef.glueTable.storageDescriptor().location(),
+                            partitionKeys,
+                            partitionValues));
+        }
+
+        PartitionInput partitionInput =
+                PartitionInput.builder()
+                        .values(partitionValues)
+                        .storageDescriptor(sdBuilder.build())
+                        .parameters(partitionProperties)
+                        .build();
+
+        try {
+            gluePartitionOperations.createPartition(
+                    tableRef.databaseName, tableRef.tableName, partitionInput);
+        } catch 
(software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.AlreadyExistsException e) {
+            if (!ifNotExists) {
+                throw new PartitionAlreadyExistsException(
+                        getName(), objectPath, catalogPartitionSpec);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void dropPartition(
+            ObjectPath objectPath,
+            CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec,
+            boolean ignoreIfNotExists)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        try {
+            GlueTableRef tableRef = resolvePartitionedTable(objectPath);
+            List<String> partitionValues =
+                    toOrderedPartitionValues(tableRef, objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+            gluePartitionOperations.dropPartition(
+                    tableRef.databaseName, tableRef.tableName, 
partitionValues);
+        } catch 
(software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.EntityNotFoundException
+                | PartitionNotExistException
+                | TableNotExistException
+                | TableNotPartitionedException e) {
+            if (!ignoreIfNotExists) {
+                throw new PartitionNotExistException(getName(), objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void alterPartition(
+            ObjectPath objectPath,
+            CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec,
+            CatalogPartition catalogPartition,
+            boolean ignoreIfNotExists)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        try {
+            GlueTableRef tableRef = resolvePartitionedTable(objectPath);
+            List<String> partitionValues =
+                    toOrderedPartitionValues(tableRef, objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+            Partition existing =
+                    gluePartitionOperations.getPartition(
+                            tableRef.databaseName, tableRef.tableName, 
partitionValues);
+            if (existing == null) {
+                throw new PartitionNotExistException(getName(), objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+            }
+
+            Map<String, String> partitionProperties =
+                    catalogPartition == null
+                            ? new HashMap<>()
+                            : new HashMap<>(catalogPartition.getProperties());
+            String location = 
partitionProperties.remove(GlueCatalogConstants.PARTITION_LOCATION);
+            StorageDescriptor.Builder sdBuilder =
+                    existing.storageDescriptor() != null
+                            ? existing.storageDescriptor().toBuilder()
+                            : StorageDescriptor.builder();
+            if (location != null) {
+                sdBuilder.location(location);
+            }
+
+            PartitionInput partitionInput =
+                    PartitionInput.builder()
+                            .values(partitionValues)
+                            .storageDescriptor(sdBuilder.build())
+                            .parameters(partitionProperties)
+                            .build();
+
+            gluePartitionOperations.updatePartition(
+                    tableRef.databaseName, tableRef.tableName, 
partitionValues, partitionInput);
+        } catch 
(software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.EntityNotFoundException
+                | TableNotExistException
+                | TableNotPartitionedException e) {
+            if (!ignoreIfNotExists) {
+                throw new PartitionNotExistException(getName(), objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Resolved Glue storage names plus the fetched Glue table for partition 
operations. */
+    private static final class GlueTableRef {
+        private final String databaseName;
+        private final String tableName;
+        private final Table glueTable;
+
+        private GlueTableRef(String databaseName, String tableName, Table 
glueTable) {
+            this.databaseName = databaseName;
+            this.tableName = tableName;
+            this.glueTable = glueTable;
+        }
+
+        private List<String> partitionKeys() {
+            return 
org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.util.GlueTableUtils.getPartitionKeyNames(
+                    glueTable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves the Glue storage names for the given path (using the same 
case-insensitive
+     * resolution as {@link #getTable(ObjectPath)}) and validates that the 
table is partitioned.
+     */
+    private GlueTableRef resolvePartitionedTable(ObjectPath objectPath)
+            throws TableNotExistException, TableNotPartitionedException, 
CatalogException {
+        String glueDatabaseName = 
findGlueDatabaseName(objectPath.getDatabaseName());
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            throw new TableNotExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+        }
+        String glueTableName = findGlueTableName(glueDatabaseName, 
objectPath.getObjectName());
+        if (glueTableName == null) {
+            throw new TableNotExistException(getName(), objectPath);
+        }
+        Table glueTable = glueTableOperations.getGlueTable(glueDatabaseName, 
glueTableName);
+        if (glueTable.partitionKeys() == null || 
glueTable.partitionKeys().isEmpty()) {
+            throw new TableNotPartitionedException(getName(), objectPath);
+        }
+        return new GlueTableRef(glueDatabaseName, glueTableName, glueTable);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves a full partition spec into partition values ordered by the 
table's partition keys.
+     * An incomplete or mismatched spec identifies a partition that cannot 
exist, so {@link
+     * PartitionNotExistException} is thrown (matching the Flink Catalog 
contract for
+     * partition-addressing methods that do not declare 
PartitionSpecInvalidException).
+     */
+    private List<String> toOrderedPartitionValues(
+            GlueTableRef tableRef, ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogPartitionSpec 
catalogPartitionSpec)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException {
+        List<String> partitionKeys = tableRef.partitionKeys();
+        Map<String, String> spec = catalogPartitionSpec.getPartitionSpec();
+        if (!spec.keySet().equals(new HashSet<>(partitionKeys))) {
+            throw new PartitionNotExistException(getName(), objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+        }
+        return 
partitionKeys.stream().map(spec::get).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    private Partition getGluePartitionOrNull(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        try {
+            GlueTableRef tableRef = resolvePartitionedTable(objectPath);
+            List<String> partitionValues =
+                    toOrderedPartitionValues(tableRef, objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+            return gluePartitionOperations.getPartition(
+                    tableRef.databaseName, tableRef.tableName, 
partitionValues);
+        } catch (TableNotExistException | TableNotPartitionedException e) {
+            throw new PartitionNotExistException(getName(), objectPath, 
catalogPartitionSpec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static CatalogPartitionSpec toPartitionSpec(
+            List<String> partitionKeys, List<String> values) {
+        Map<String, String> spec = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < partitionKeys.size() && i < values.size(); i++) {
+            spec.put(partitionKeys.get(i), values.get(i));
+        }
+        return new CatalogPartitionSpec(spec);
+    }
+
+    private static String buildDefaultPartitionLocation(
+            String tableLocation, List<String> partitionKeys, List<String> 
partitionValues) {
+        StringBuilder location = new StringBuilder(tableLocation);
+        for (int i = 0; i < partitionKeys.size(); i++) {
+            location.append('/')
+                    .append(partitionKeys.get(i))
+                    .append('=')
+                    .append(partitionValues.get(i));
+        }
+        return location.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Normalizes an object path according to catalog-specific normalization 
rules. For functions,
+     * this ensures consistent case handling in function names.
+     *
+     * @param path the object path to normalize
+     * @return the normalized object path
+     * @throws NullPointerException if path is null
+     */
+    private ObjectPath normalize(ObjectPath path) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(path, "ObjectPath cannot be null");
+
+        return new ObjectPath(
+                path.getDatabaseName(), 
FunctionIdentifier.normalizeName(path.getObjectName()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lists all functions in a specified database.
+     *
+     * @param databaseName the name of the database
+     * @return a list of function names in the database
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while listing the functions
+     */
+    @Override
+    public List<String> listFunctions(String databaseName)
+            throws DatabaseNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                !StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(databaseName),
+                "databaseName cannot be null or empty");
+
+        validateDatabaseExists(databaseName);
+
+        try {
+            List<String> functions = 
glueFunctionsOperations.listGlueFunctions(databaseName);
+            return functions;
+        } catch (CatalogException e) {
+            LOG.error("Failed to list functions in database {}: {}", 
databaseName, e.getMessage());
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format(
+                            "Error listing functions in database %s: %s",
+                            databaseName, e.getMessage()),
+                    e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a function from the catalog.
+     *
+     * @param functionPath the object path of the function to retrieve
+     * @return the corresponding CatalogFunction
+     * @throws FunctionNotExistException if the function does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while retrieving the 
function
+     */
+    @Override
+    public CatalogFunction getFunction(ObjectPath functionPath)
+            throws FunctionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        // Normalize the path for case-insensitive handling
+        ObjectPath normalizedPath = normalize(functionPath);
+
+        if (!databaseExists(normalizedPath.getDatabaseName())) {
+            // A function in a non-existent database does not exist: report it 
per the
+            // Catalog contract so the planner can fall back to built-in 
functions instead
+            // of failing SQL validation (matches Hive/GenericInMemoryCatalog 
behaviour).
+            throw new FunctionNotExistException(getName(), normalizedPath);
+        }
+
+        boolean exists = functionExists(normalizedPath);
+
+        if (!exists) {
+            throw new FunctionNotExistException(getName(), normalizedPath);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return glueFunctionsOperations.getGlueFunction(normalizedPath);
+        } catch (CatalogException e) {
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format("Failed to get function %s", 
normalizedPath.getFullName()), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a function exists in the catalog.
+     *
+     * @param functionPath the object path of the function to check
+     * @return true if the function exists, false otherwise
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while checking the 
function's existence
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean functionExists(ObjectPath functionPath) throws 
CatalogException {
+        // Normalize the path for case-insensitive handling
+        ObjectPath normalizedPath = normalize(functionPath);
+
+        if (!databaseExists(normalizedPath.getDatabaseName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return glueFunctionsOperations.glueFunctionExists(normalizedPath);
+        } catch (CatalogException e) {
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format(
+                            "Failed to check if function %s exists", 
normalizedPath.getFullName()),
+                    e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function in the catalog.
+     *
+     * @param functionPath the object path of the function to create
+     * @param function the function definition
+     * @param ignoreIfExists flag indicating whether to ignore the exception 
if the function already
+     *     exists
+     * @throws FunctionAlreadyExistException if the function already exists 
and ignoreIfExists is
+     *     false
+     * @throws DatabaseNotExistException if the database does not exist
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while creating the function
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void createFunction(
+            ObjectPath functionPath, CatalogFunction function, boolean 
ignoreIfExists)
+            throws FunctionAlreadyExistException, DatabaseNotExistException, 
CatalogException {
+
+        // Normalize the path for case-insensitive handling
+        ObjectPath normalizedPath = normalize(functionPath);
+
+        validateDatabaseExists(normalizedPath.getDatabaseName());
+
+        boolean exists = functionExists(normalizedPath);
+
+        if (exists && !ignoreIfExists) {
+            throw new FunctionAlreadyExistException(getName(), normalizedPath);
+        } else if (exists) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            glueFunctionsOperations.createGlueFunction(normalizedPath, 
function);
+        } catch (CatalogException e) {
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format("Failed to create function %s", 
normalizedPath.getFullName()), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alters a function in the catalog.
+     *
+     * @param functionPath the object path of the function to alter
+     * @param newFunction the new function definition
+     * @param ignoreIfNotExists flag indicating whether to ignore the 
exception if the function does
+     *     not exist
+     * @throws FunctionNotExistException if the function does not exist and 
ignoreIfNotExists is
+     *     false
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while altering the function
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void alterFunction(
+            ObjectPath functionPath, CatalogFunction newFunction, boolean 
ignoreIfNotExists)
+            throws FunctionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+
+        // Normalize the path for case-insensitive handling
+        ObjectPath normalizedPath = normalize(functionPath);
+
+        // Check if function exists without throwing an exception first
+        boolean functionExists = functionExists(normalizedPath);
+
+        if (!functionExists) {
+            if (ignoreIfNotExists) {
+                return;
+            } else {
+                throw new FunctionNotExistException(getName(), normalizedPath);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Check for type compatibility of function
+            CatalogFunction existingFunction = getFunction(normalizedPath);
+            if (existingFunction.getClass() != newFunction.getClass()) {
+                throw new CatalogException(
+                        String.format(
+                                "Function types don't match. Existing function 
is '%s' and new function is '%s'.",
+                                existingFunction.getClass().getName(),
+                                newFunction.getClass().getName()));
+            }
+
+            // Proceed with alteration
+            glueFunctionsOperations.alterGlueFunction(normalizedPath, 
newFunction);
+        } catch (CatalogException e) {
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format("Failed to alter function %s", 
normalizedPath.getFullName()), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drops a function from the catalog.
+     *
+     * @param functionPath the object path of the function to drop
+     * @param ignoreIfNotExists flag indicating whether to ignore the 
exception if the function does
+     *     not exist
+     * @throws FunctionNotExistException if the function does not exist and 
ignoreIfNotExists is
+     *     false
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs while dropping the function
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void dropFunction(ObjectPath functionPath, boolean 
ignoreIfNotExists)
+            throws FunctionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+
+        // Normalize the path for case-insensitive handling
+        ObjectPath normalizedPath = normalize(functionPath);
+
+        if (!databaseExists(normalizedPath.getDatabaseName())) {
+            if (ignoreIfNotExists) {
+                return;
+            }
+            throw new FunctionNotExistException(getName(), normalizedPath);
+        }
+
+        boolean exists = functionExists(normalizedPath);
+
+        if (!exists) {
+            if (ignoreIfNotExists) {
+                return;
+            } else {
+                throw new FunctionNotExistException(getName(), normalizedPath);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Function exists, proceed with dropping it
+            glueFunctionsOperations.dropGlueFunction(normalizedPath);
+        } catch (CatalogException e) {
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format("Failed to drop function %s", 
normalizedPath.getFullName()), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CatalogTableStatistics getTableStatistics(ObjectPath objectPath)
+            throws TableNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        return CatalogTableStatistics.UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CatalogColumnStatistics getTableColumnStatistics(ObjectPath 
objectPath)
+            throws TableNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        return CatalogColumnStatistics.UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CatalogTableStatistics getPartitionStatistics(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        return CatalogTableStatistics.UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CatalogColumnStatistics getPartitionColumnStatistics(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        return CatalogColumnStatistics.UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void alterTableStatistics(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogTableStatistics 
catalogTableStatistics, boolean b)
+            throws TableNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "Altering table statistics is not supported by the Glue 
Catalog.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void alterTableColumnStatistics(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogColumnStatistics 
catalogColumnStatistics, boolean b)
+            throws TableNotExistException, CatalogException, 
TablePartitionedException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "Altering table column statistics is not supported by the Glue 
Catalog.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void alterPartitionStatistics(
+            ObjectPath objectPath,
+            CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec,
+            CatalogTableStatistics catalogTableStatistics,
+            boolean b)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "Altering partition statistics is not supported by the Glue 
Catalog.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void alterPartitionColumnStatistics(
+            ObjectPath objectPath,
+            CatalogPartitionSpec catalogPartitionSpec,
+            CatalogColumnStatistics catalogColumnStatistics,
+            boolean b)
+            throws PartitionNotExistException, CatalogException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "Altering partition column statistics is not supported by the 
Glue Catalog.");
+    }
+
+    // ============================ Private Methods 
============================
+    /**
+     * Converts an AWS Glue Table to a Flink CatalogBaseTable, supporting both 
tables and views.
+     *
+     * @param glueTable the AWS Glue table to convert
+     * @return the corresponding Flink CatalogBaseTable (either CatalogTable 
or CatalogView)
+     * @throws CatalogException if the table type is unknown or conversion 
fails
+     */
+    private CatalogBaseTable getCatalogBaseTableFromGlueTable(Table glueTable) 
{
+
+        try {
+            // Parse schema from Glue table structure
+            Schema schemaInfo = 
glueTableUtils.getSchemaFromGlueTable(glueTable);
+
+            // Extract partition keys (restoring original case from table 
parameters)
+            List<String> partitionKeys =
+                    
org.apache.flink.table.catalog.glue.util.GlueTableUtils.getPartitionKeyNames(
+                            glueTable);
+
+            // Collect all properties
+            Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<>();
+
+            // Add table parameters, filtering out internal metadata
+            if (glueTable.parameters() != null) {
+                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : 
glueTable.parameters().entrySet()) {
+                    String key = entry.getKey();
+                    // Filter out our internal metadata parameters
+                    if (!GlueCatalogConstants.ORIGINAL_TABLE_NAME.equals(key)
+                            && 
!GlueCatalogConstants.ORIGINAL_DATABASE_NAME.equals(key)
+                            && 
!GlueCatalogConstants.ORIGINAL_PARTITION_KEYS.equals(key)) {
+                        properties.put(key, entry.getValue());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add owner if present
+            if (glueTable.owner() != null) {
+                properties.put(GlueCatalogConstants.TABLE_OWNER, 
glueTable.owner());
+            }
+
+            // Add storage parameters if present
+            if (glueTable.storageDescriptor() != null) {
+                if (glueTable.storageDescriptor().hasParameters()) {
+                    
properties.putAll(glueTable.storageDescriptor().parameters());
+                }
+
+                // Add input/output formats if present
+                if (glueTable.storageDescriptor().inputFormat() != null) {
+                    properties.put(
+                            GlueCatalogConstants.TABLE_INPUT_FORMAT,
+                            glueTable.storageDescriptor().inputFormat());
+                }
+
+                if (glueTable.storageDescriptor().outputFormat() != null) {
+                    properties.put(
+                            GlueCatalogConstants.TABLE_OUTPUT_FORMAT,
+                            glueTable.storageDescriptor().outputFormat());
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Check table type and create appropriate catalog object
+            String tableType = glueTable.tableType();
+            if (tableType == null) {
+                LOG.warn("Table type is null for table {}, defaulting to 
TABLE", glueTable.name());
+                tableType = CatalogBaseTable.TableKind.TABLE.name();
+            }
+
+            if 
(tableType.equalsIgnoreCase(CatalogBaseTable.TableKind.TABLE.name())) {
+                return CatalogTable.newBuilder()
+                        .schema(schemaInfo)
+                        .comment(glueTable.description())
+                        .partitionKeys(partitionKeys)
+                        .options(properties)
+                        .build();
+            } else if 
(tableType.equalsIgnoreCase(CatalogBaseTable.TableKind.VIEW.name())) {
+                String originalQuery = glueTable.viewOriginalText();
+                String expandedQuery = glueTable.viewExpandedText();
+
+                if (originalQuery == null) {
+                    throw new CatalogException(
+                            String.format(
+                                    "View '%s' is missing its original query 
text",
+                                    glueTable.name()));
+                }
+
+                // If expanded query is null, use original query
+                if (expandedQuery == null) {
+                    expandedQuery = originalQuery;
+                }
+
+                return CatalogView.of(
+                        schemaInfo,
+                        glueTable.description(),
+                        originalQuery,
+                        expandedQuery,
+                        properties);
+            } else {
+                throw new CatalogException(
+                        String.format("Unknown table type: %s from Glue 
Catalog.", tableType));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new CatalogException(
+                    String.format(
+                            "Failed to convert Glue table '%s' to Flink table: 
%s",
+                            glueTable.name(), e.getMessage()),
+                    e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a regular table in the Glue catalog.
+     *
+     * @param objectPath the object path of the table
+     * @param catalogTable the table definition
+     * @param tableProperties the table properties
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs during table creation
+     */
+    private void createRegularTable(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogTable catalogTable, Map<String, 
String> tableProperties)
+            throws CatalogException {
+
+        String databaseName = objectPath.getDatabaseName();
+        String tableName = objectPath.getObjectName();
+
+        // Extract table location
+        String tableLocation = 
glueTableUtils.extractTableLocation(tableProperties, objectPath);
+
+        // Resolve the schema and map Flink columns to Glue columns, splitting 
data columns
+        // (stored in the storage descriptor) from partition columns (stored 
on the
+        // TableInput itself) — Glue models partition keys outside the storage 
descriptor.
+        ResolvedCatalogBaseTable<?> resolvedTable = 
(ResolvedCatalogBaseTable<?>) catalogTable;
+        List<String> partitionKeys = catalogTable.getPartitionKeys();
+
+        List<software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column> dataColumns = 
new ArrayList<>();
+        Map<String, software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column> 
partitionColumnsByName =
+                new HashMap<>();
+        for (org.apache.flink.table.catalog.Column flinkColumn :
+                resolvedTable.getResolvedSchema().getColumns()) {
+            software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column glueColumn =
+                    glueTableUtils.mapFlinkColumnToGlueColumn(flinkColumn);
+            if (partitionKeys.contains(flinkColumn.getName())) {
+                partitionColumnsByName.put(flinkColumn.getName(), glueColumn);
+            } else {
+                dataColumns.add(glueColumn);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Preserve the declared partition-key order.
+        List<software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column> 
partitionColumns =
+                partitionKeys.stream()
+                        .map(partitionColumnsByName::get)
+                        .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        StorageDescriptor storageDescriptor =
+                glueTableUtils.buildStorageDescriptor(tableProperties, 
dataColumns, tableLocation);
+
+        // Pass original table name to preserve case
+        TableInput tableInput =
+                glueTableOperations.buildTableInput(
+                        tableName,
+                        partitionColumns,
+                        catalogTable,
+                        storageDescriptor,
+                        tableProperties);
+
+        // Use proper database name resolution
+        String glueDatabaseName = findGlueDatabaseName(databaseName);
+        if (glueDatabaseName == null) {
+            throw new CatalogException("Database not found: " + databaseName);
+        }
+        glueTableOperations.createTable(glueDatabaseName, tableInput);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a view in the Glue catalog.
+     *
+     * @param objectPath the object path of the view
+     * @param catalogView the view definition
+     * @param tableProperties the view properties
+     * @throws CatalogException if an error occurs during view creation
+     */
+    private void createView(
+            ObjectPath objectPath, CatalogView catalogView, Map<String, 
String> tableProperties)
+            throws CatalogException {
+
+        String databaseName = objectPath.getDatabaseName();
+        String tableName = objectPath.getObjectName();
+
+        // Resolve the schema and map Flink columns to Glue columns
+        ResolvedCatalogBaseTable<?> resolvedView = 
(ResolvedCatalogBaseTable<?>) catalogView;
+        List<software.amazon.awssdk.services.glue.model.Column> glueColumns =
+                resolvedView.getResolvedSchema().getColumns().stream()
+                        .map(glueTableUtils::mapFlinkColumnToGlueColumn)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        // Build a minimal storage descriptor for views
+        StorageDescriptor storageDescriptor =
+                StorageDescriptor.builder().columns(glueColumns).build();
+
+        // Convert CatalogView to CatalogTable for buildTableInput 
compatibility
+        CatalogTable tempTable =
+                CatalogTable.newBuilder()
+                        .schema(catalogView.getUnresolvedSchema())
+                        .comment(catalogView.getComment())
+                        .partitionKeys(Collections.emptyList())
+                        .options(tableProperties)
+                        .build();
+
+        // Build table input with proper name preservation
+        TableInput baseTableInput =
+                glueTableOperations.buildTableInput(

Review Comment:
   here, glueColumns and storageDescriptor are same columns and will lead to 
duplicate columns and will lead to a validationexception. Do we need a test for 
this particular edge case.
   
   How about:
   
   ```
   glueTableOperations.buildTableInput(tableName, Collections.emptyList(), 
tempTable, storageDescriptor, tableProperties);
   ```



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