Drop ROOT and instead store META location(s) directly in ZooKeeper
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                 Key: HBASE-3171
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HBASE-3171
             Project: HBase
          Issue Type: Improvement
          Components: client, master, regionserver, zookeeper
            Reporter: Jonathan Gray
             Fix For: 0.92.0


Rather than storing the ROOT region location in ZooKeeper, going to ROOT, and 
reading the META location, we should just store the META location directly in 
ZooKeeper.

The purpose of the root region from the bigtable paper was to support multiple 
meta regions.  Currently, we explicitly only support a single meta region, so 
the translation from our current code of a single root location to a single 
meta location will be very simple.  Long-term, it seems reasonable that we 
could store several meta region locations in ZK.  There's been some discussion 
in HBASE-1755 about actually moving META into ZK, but I think this jira is a 
good step towards taking some of the complexity out of how we have to deal with 
catalog tables everywhere.

As-is, a new client already requires ZK to get the root location, so this would 
not change those requirements in any way.

The primary motivation for this is to simplify things like CatalogTracker.  The 
way we can handle root in that class is really simple but the tracking of meta 
is difficulty and a bit hacky.  This hack on tracking of the meta location is 
what caused one of the bugs over in HBASE-3159.

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