Jinchul81 commented on code in PR #334:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-cpp/pull/334#discussion_r2553295651


##########
src/iceberg/pending_update.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \file iceberg/pending_update.h
+/// API for table changes using builder pattern
+
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
+#include "iceberg/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Base class for table metadata changes using builder pattern
+///
+/// PendingUpdate represents an API for building and committing changes to an
+/// Iceberg table. Subclasses implement specific types of table updates such as
+/// schema changes, property updates, or snapshot-producing operations like
+/// appends and deletes.
+///
+/// Apply() can be used to validate and inspect the uncommitted changes before
+/// committing. Commit() applies the changes and commits them to the table.
+///
+/// \tparam T The type of result returned by Apply()
+template <typename T>
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT PendingUpdate {
+ public:
+  virtual ~PendingUpdate() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Apply the pending changes and return the uncommitted result
+  ///
+  /// This does not result in a permanent update.
+  ///
+  /// \return the uncommitted changes that would be committed, or an error if
+  ///         the pending changes cannot be applied to the current table 
metadata
+  virtual Result<T> Apply() = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Apply and commit the pending changes to the table
+  ///
+  /// Changes are committed by calling the underlying table's commit operation.
+  ///
+  /// Once the commit is successful, the updated table will be refreshed.
+  ///
+  /// \return Status::OK if the commit was successful, or an error status if
+  ///         validation failed or the commit encountered conflicts
+  virtual Status Commit() = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  PendingUpdate() = default;
+
+  // Non-copyable, movable
+  PendingUpdate(const PendingUpdate&) = delete;
+  PendingUpdate& operator=(const PendingUpdate&) = delete;

Review Comment:
   Please move it to the public space.



##########
src/iceberg/pending_update.h:
##########
@@ -28,48 +28,67 @@
 
 namespace iceberg {
 
-/// \brief Base class for table metadata changes using builder pattern

Review Comment:
   I don't prefer you to delete the context that you're using builder pattern. 
This is the reason why the ctors of this class are in the protected region, 
right?



##########
src/iceberg/pending_update.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \file iceberg/pending_update.h
+/// API for table changes using builder pattern
+
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
+#include "iceberg/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Base class for table metadata changes using builder pattern
+///
+/// PendingUpdate represents an API for building and committing changes to an
+/// Iceberg table. Subclasses implement specific types of table updates such as
+/// schema changes, property updates, or snapshot-producing operations like
+/// appends and deletes.
+///
+/// Apply() can be used to validate and inspect the uncommitted changes before
+/// committing. Commit() applies the changes and commits them to the table.
+///
+/// \tparam T The type of result returned by Apply()
+template <typename T>
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT PendingUpdate {
+ public:
+  virtual ~PendingUpdate() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Apply the pending changes and return the uncommitted result
+  ///
+  /// This does not result in a permanent update.
+  ///
+  /// \return the uncommitted changes that would be committed, or an error if
+  ///         the pending changes cannot be applied to the current table 
metadata
+  virtual Result<T> Apply() = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Apply and commit the pending changes to the table
+  ///
+  /// Changes are committed by calling the underlying table's commit operation.
+  ///
+  /// Once the commit is successful, the updated table will be refreshed.
+  ///
+  /// \return Status::OK if the commit was successful, or an error status if
+  ///         validation failed or the commit encountered conflicts
+  virtual Status Commit() = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  PendingUpdate() = default;
+
+  // Non-copyable, movable
+  PendingUpdate(const PendingUpdate&) = delete;

Review Comment:
   Please move it to the public space.



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