shangxinli commented on code in PR #334:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-cpp/pull/334#discussion_r2556964003


##########
src/iceberg/pending_update.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \file iceberg/pending_update.h
+/// API for table changes using builder pattern
+
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
+#include "iceberg/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Non-template base class for table metadata changes using builder 
pattern
+///
+/// This base class allows storing different types of PendingUpdate operations
+/// in the same collection (e.g., in Transaction). It provides the common 
Commit()
+/// interface that all updates share.
+///
+/// This matches the Java Iceberg pattern where BaseTransaction stores a
+/// List<PendingUpdate> without type parameters.
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT PendingUpdateBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~PendingUpdateBase() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Apply and commit the pending changes to the table
+  ///
+  /// Changes are committed by calling the underlying table's commit operation.
+  ///
+  /// Once the commit is successful, the updated table will be refreshed.
+  ///
+  /// \return Status::OK if the commit was successful, or an error:
+  ///         - ValidationFailed: if update cannot be applied to current 
metadata
+  ///         - CommitFailed: if update cannot be committed due to conflicts
+  ///         - CommitStateUnknown: if commit success state is unknown
+  virtual Status Commit() = 0;
+
+  // Non-copyable, movable
+  PendingUpdateBase(const PendingUpdateBase&) = delete;
+  PendingUpdateBase& operator=(const PendingUpdateBase&) = delete;
+  PendingUpdateBase(PendingUpdateBase&&) noexcept = default;
+  PendingUpdateBase& operator=(PendingUpdateBase&&) noexcept = default;
+
+ protected:
+  PendingUpdateBase() = default;
+};
+
+/// \brief Template class for type-safe table metadata changes using builder 
pattern
+///
+/// PendingUpdate extends PendingUpdateBase with a type-safe Apply() method 
that
+/// returns the specific result type for each operation. Subclasses implement
+/// specific types of table updates such as schema changes, property updates, 
or
+/// snapshot-producing operations like appends and deletes.
+///
+/// Apply() can be used to validate and inspect the uncommitted changes before
+/// committing. Commit() applies the changes and commits them to the table.
+///
+/// \tparam T The type of result returned by Apply()
+template <typename T>
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT PendingUpdate : public PendingUpdateBase {

Review Comment:
   Rename it ti PendingUpdateTyped



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