rdblue commented on code in PR #15006:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/15006#discussion_r2719137541


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/MergingSnapshotProducer.java:
##########
@@ -1073,6 +1088,125 @@ private List<ManifestFile> newDeleteFilesAsManifests() {
     return cachedNewDeleteManifests;
   }
 
+  // Merge duplicates, internally takes care of updating newDeleteFilesBySpec 
to remove
+  // duplicates and add the newly merged DV
+  private void mergeDVsAndWrite() {
+    Map<String, DeleteFileSet> dataFilesWithDuplicateDVs =
+        dvsByReferencedFile.entrySet().stream()
+            .filter(entry -> entry.getValue().size() > 1)
+            .collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
+
+    List<MergedDVContent> mergedDVs = 
Collections.synchronizedList(Lists.newArrayList());
+    Tasks.foreach(dataFilesWithDuplicateDVs.entrySet())
+        .executeWith(ThreadPools.getDeleteWorkerPool())
+        .stopOnFailure()
+        .throwFailureWhenFinished()
+        .run(
+            entry -> {
+              String referencedLocation = entry.getKey();
+              DeleteFileSet duplicateDVs = entry.getValue();
+              mergedDVs.add(mergePositions(referencedLocation, duplicateDVs));
+            });
+
+    // Update newDeleteFilesBySpec to remove all the duplicates
+    mergedDVs.forEach(
+        mergedDV -> 
newDeleteFilesBySpec.get(mergedDV.specId).removeAll(mergedDV.duplicateDVs));
+
+    writeMergedDVs(mergedDVs);
+  }
+
+  // Produces a Puffin per partition spec containing the merged DVs for that 
spec
+  private void writeMergedDVs(List<MergedDVContent> mergedDVs) {
+    try (DVFileWriter dvFileWriter =
+        new BaseDVFileWriter(
+            // Use an unpartitioned spec for the location provider for the 
puffin containing
+            // all the merged DVs
+            OutputFileFactory.builderFor(
+                    ops(), PartitionSpec.unpartitioned(), FileFormat.PUFFIN, 
1, 1)
+                .build(),
+            path -> null)) {
+
+      for (MergedDVContent mergedDV : mergedDVs) {
+        LOG.warn(
+            "Merged {} duplicate deletion vectors for data file {} in table 
{}. The duplicate DVs are orphaned, and writers should merge DVs per file 
before committing",
+            mergedDV.duplicateDVs.size(),
+            mergedDV.referencedLocation,
+            tableName);
+        dvFileWriter.delete(
+            mergedDV.referencedLocation,
+            mergedDV.mergedPositions,
+            spec(mergedDV.specId),
+            mergedDV.partition);
+      }
+
+      dvFileWriter.close();
+      DeleteWriteResult result = dvFileWriter.result();
+      result.deleteFiles().forEach(this::addPendingDelete);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void addPendingDelete(DeleteFile file) {
+    newDeleteFilesBySpec
+        .get(file.specId())
+        .add(Delegates.pendingDeleteFile(file, file.dataSequenceNumber()));
+  }
+
+  // Data class for referenced file, the duplicate DVs, the merged position 
delete index,
+  // partition spec and tuple
+  private static class MergedDVContent {
+    private final DeleteFileSet duplicateDVs;
+    private final String referencedLocation;
+    private final PositionDeleteIndex mergedPositions;
+    private final int specId;
+    private final StructLike partition;
+
+    MergedDVContent(
+        String referencedLocation,
+        DeleteFileSet duplicateDVs,
+        PositionDeleteIndex mergedPositions,
+        int specId,
+        StructLike partition) {
+      this.referencedLocation = referencedLocation;
+      this.duplicateDVs = duplicateDVs;
+      this.mergedPositions = mergedPositions;
+      this.specId = specId;
+      this.partition = partition;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Merges the position indices for the duplicate DVs for a given referenced 
file
+  private MergedDVContent mergePositions(String referencedLocation, 
DeleteFileSet duplicateDVs) {

Review Comment:
   Currently, this is called in tasks submitted to a threadpool, but I wonder 
if there is a better model for parallelizing DV reads. We know that most DVs 
that are being merged are going to be in different Puffin files, so each DV 
read is going to be a separate IO to storage. If that's the case, why not use 
more memory and run `Deletes.readDV` in a threadpool for all DV files, then 
merge them in memory just before writing into Puffin? That way all of the reads 
are parallelized rather than sequentially reading within a group.



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