wgtmac commented on code in PR #616:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-cpp/pull/616#discussion_r3279825118


##########
src/iceberg/catalog/rest/auth/sigv4_auth_manager.cc:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "iceberg/catalog/rest/auth/auth_manager_internal.h"
+#include "iceberg/catalog/rest/auth/aws_sdk.h"
+#include "iceberg/catalog/rest/auth/sigv4_auth_manager_internal.h"
+
+#ifdef ICEBERG_SIGV4
+
+#  include <atomic>
+#  include <mutex>
+#  include <sstream>
+
+#  include <aws/core/Aws.h>
+#  include <aws/core/auth/AWSAuthSigner.h>
+#  include <aws/core/auth/AWSCredentialsProvider.h>
+#  include <aws/core/auth/AWSCredentialsProviderChain.h>
+#  include <aws/core/client/ClientConfiguration.h>
+#  include <aws/core/http/standard/StandardHttpRequest.h>
+#  include <aws/core/utils/HashingUtils.h>
+
+#  include "iceberg/catalog/rest/auth/auth_managers.h"
+#  include "iceberg/catalog/rest/auth/auth_properties.h"
+#  include "iceberg/util/macros.h"
+#  include "iceberg/util/string_util.h"
+
+namespace iceberg::rest::auth {
+
+namespace {
+
+class AwsSdkLifecycle {
+ public:
+  static AwsSdkLifecycle& Instance() {
+    static AwsSdkLifecycle instance;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  Status Initialize() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    auto s = state_.load();
+    if (s == State::kInitialized) return {};
+    if (s == State::kFinalized) {
+      return InvalidArgument("AWS SDK has already been finalized; cannot 
reinitialize");
+    }
+    Aws::InitAPI(options_);
+    state_.store(State::kInitialized);
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  Status Finalize() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    if (state_.load() != State::kInitialized) return {};
+    auto live = active_session_count_.load();
+    if (live != 0) {
+      return Invalid(
+          "Cannot finalize AWS SDK while {} SigV4 auth session(s) are still 
alive", live);
+    }
+    Aws::ShutdownAPI(options_);
+    state_.store(State::kFinalized);
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  Status EnsureInitialized() {
+    if (state_.load() == State::kInitialized) return {};
+    return Initialize();
+  }
+
+  bool IsInitialized() const { return state_.load() == State::kInitialized; }
+  bool IsFinalized() const { return state_.load() == State::kFinalized; }
+
+  void IncrementSessionCount() {
+    active_session_count_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+  void DecrementSessionCount() {
+    active_session_count_.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  enum class State : uint8_t { kUninitialized, kInitialized, kFinalized };
+
+  AwsSdkLifecycle() = default;
+
+  std::atomic<State> state_{State::kUninitialized};
+  std::mutex mutex_;
+  Aws::SDKOptions options_;
+  std::atomic<size_t> active_session_count_{0};
+};
+
+Aws::Http::HttpMethod ToAwsMethod(HttpMethod method) {
+  switch (method) {
+    case HttpMethod::kGet:
+      return Aws::Http::HttpMethod::HTTP_GET;
+    case HttpMethod::kPost:
+      return Aws::Http::HttpMethod::HTTP_POST;
+    case HttpMethod::kPut:
+      return Aws::Http::HttpMethod::HTTP_PUT;
+    case HttpMethod::kDelete:
+      return Aws::Http::HttpMethod::HTTP_DELETE;
+    case HttpMethod::kHead:
+      return Aws::Http::HttpMethod::HTTP_HEAD;
+  }
+  return Aws::Http::HttpMethod::HTTP_GET;
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> MergeProperties(
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& base,
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& overrides) {
+  auto merged = base;
+  for (const auto& [key, value] : overrides) {
+    merged.insert_or_assign(key, value);
+  }
+  return merged;
+}
+
+/// Matches Java RESTSigV4AuthSession: canonical headers carry
+/// Base64(SHA256(body)), canonical request trailer uses hex.
+class RestSigV4Signer : public Aws::Client::AWSAuthV4Signer {
+ public:
+  RestSigV4Signer(const std::shared_ptr<Aws::Auth::AWSCredentialsProvider>& 
creds,
+                  const char* service_name, const Aws::String& region)
+      : Aws::Client::AWSAuthV4Signer(creds, service_name, region,
+                                     PayloadSigningPolicy::Always,
+                                     /*urlEscapePath=*/false) {
+    // Skip the signer's hex overwrite of x-amz-content-sha256 so canonical
+    // headers see the caller's Base64; ComputePayloadHash still feeds hex
+    // into the canonical request trailer.
+    m_includeSha256HashHeader = false;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ---- SigV4AuthSession ----
+
+SigV4AuthSession::SigV4AuthSession(
+    std::shared_ptr<AuthSession> delegate, std::string signing_region,
+    std::string signing_name,
+    std::shared_ptr<Aws::Auth::AWSCredentialsProvider> credentials_provider)
+    : delegate_(std::move(delegate)),
+      signing_region_(std::move(signing_region)),
+      signing_name_(std::move(signing_name)),
+      credentials_provider_(std::move(credentials_provider)),
+      signer_(std::make_unique<RestSigV4Signer>(
+          credentials_provider_, signing_name_.c_str(), 
signing_region_.c_str())) {
+  AwsSdkLifecycle::Instance().IncrementSessionCount();
+}
+
+SigV4AuthSession::~SigV4AuthSession() {
+  AwsSdkLifecycle::Instance().DecrementSessionCount();
+}
+
+Result<HttpRequest> SigV4AuthSession::Authenticate(const HttpRequest& request) 
{
+  ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto delegate_request, 
delegate_->Authenticate(request));
+  const auto& original_headers = delegate_request.headers;
+
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> signing_headers;
+  for (const auto& [name, value] : original_headers) {
+    if (StringUtils::EqualsIgnoreCase(name, "Authorization")) {
+      signing_headers[std::string(kRelocatedHeaderPrefix) + name] = value;
+    } else {
+      signing_headers[name] = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Aws::Http::URI aws_uri(delegate_request.url.c_str());
+  auto aws_request = 
std::make_shared<Aws::Http::Standard::StandardHttpRequest>(
+      aws_uri, ToAwsMethod(delegate_request.method));
+  for (const auto& [name, value] : signing_headers) {
+    aws_request->SetHeaderValue(Aws::String(name.c_str()), 
Aws::String(value.c_str()));
+  }
+
+  // Empty body: hex EMPTY_BODY_SHA256 (Java parity workaround for the signer
+  // computing an invalid checksum on empty bodies). Non-empty: Base64.
+  if (delegate_request.body.empty()) {
+    aws_request->SetHeaderValue("x-amz-content-sha256", 
Aws::String(kEmptyBodySha256));
+  } else {
+    auto body_stream =
+        Aws::MakeShared<std::stringstream>("SigV4Body", delegate_request.body);
+    aws_request->AddContentBody(body_stream);
+    auto sha256 = Aws::Utils::HashingUtils::CalculateSHA256(
+        Aws::String(delegate_request.body.data(), 
delegate_request.body.size()));
+    aws_request->SetHeaderValue("x-amz-content-sha256",
+                                
Aws::Utils::HashingUtils::Base64Encode(sha256));
+  }
+
+  if (!signer_->SignRequest(*aws_request)) {
+    return std::unexpected<Error>(Error{.kind = 
ErrorKind::kAuthenticationFailed,
+                                        .message = "SigV4 signing failed"});
+  }
+
+  HttpRequest signed_request{.method = delegate_request.method,
+                             .url = std::move(delegate_request.url),
+                             .headers = {},
+                             .body = std::move(delegate_request.body)};
+  for (const auto& [aws_name, aws_value] : aws_request->GetHeaders()) {
+    std::string name(aws_name.c_str(), aws_name.size());
+    std::string value(aws_value.c_str(), aws_value.size());
+    for (const auto& [orig_name, orig_value] : original_headers) {
+      if (StringUtils::EqualsIgnoreCase(orig_name, name) && orig_value != 
value) {
+        signed_request.headers[std::string(kRelocatedHeaderPrefix) + 
orig_name] =
+            orig_value;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    signed_request.headers[std::move(name)] = std::move(value);
+  }
+
+  return signed_request;
+}
+
+Status SigV4AuthSession::Close() { return delegate_->Close(); }
+
+// ---- SigV4AuthManager ----
+
+SigV4AuthManager::SigV4AuthManager(std::unique_ptr<AuthManager> delegate)
+    : delegate_(std::move(delegate)) {}
+
+SigV4AuthManager::~SigV4AuthManager() = default;
+
+Result<std::shared_ptr<AuthSession>> SigV4AuthManager::InitSession(
+    HttpClient& init_client,
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& properties) {
+  ICEBERG_RETURN_UNEXPECTED(AwsSdkLifecycle::Instance().EnsureInitialized());
+  ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto delegate_session,
+                          delegate_->InitSession(init_client, properties));
+  return WrapSession(std::move(delegate_session), properties);
+}
+
+Result<std::shared_ptr<AuthSession>> SigV4AuthManager::CatalogSession(
+    HttpClient& shared_client,
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& properties) {
+  ICEBERG_RETURN_UNEXPECTED(AwsSdkLifecycle::Instance().EnsureInitialized());
+  catalog_properties_ = properties;
+  ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto delegate_session,
+                          delegate_->CatalogSession(shared_client, 
properties));
+  return WrapSession(std::move(delegate_session), properties);
+}
+
+// Contextual and table sessions both merge against the stored catalog
+// properties, matching Java's RESTSigV4AuthManager. Contextual overrides do
+// not propagate into child table sessions; the two derivations are
+// independent dimensions on top of the catalog baseline.
+
+Result<std::shared_ptr<AuthSession>> SigV4AuthManager::ContextualSession(
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& context,
+    std::shared_ptr<AuthSession> parent) {
+  auto sigv4_parent = 
std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SigV4AuthSession>(std::move(parent));
+  ICEBERG_PRECHECK(sigv4_parent != nullptr,
+                   "SigV4AuthManager parent must be a SigV4AuthSession");
+
+  ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto delegate_session, delegate_->ContextualSession(
+                                                     context, 
sigv4_parent->delegate()));
+
+  auto merged = MergeProperties(catalog_properties_, context);

Review Comment:
   Should this also account for contextual credentials? Java builds the SigV4 
`AwsProperties` from catalog properties plus both `context.properties()` and 
`context.credentials()`. If C++ keeps credentials separate from the context 
properties map, those credentials won't be able to override the catalog signing 
credentials here.



##########
src/iceberg/catalog/rest/http_request.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "iceberg/catalog/rest/iceberg_rest_export.h"
+
+namespace iceberg::rest {
+
+/// \brief HTTP method enumeration.
+enum class HttpMethod : uint8_t { kGet, kPost, kPut, kDelete, kHead };
+
+/// \brief Convert HttpMethod to string representation.
+constexpr std::string_view ToString(HttpMethod method);
+
+/// \brief An outgoing HTTP request. Mirrors Java's HttpRequest so signing
+/// implementations like SigV4 see method, url, headers, and body together.
+struct ICEBERG_REST_EXPORT HttpRequest {
+  HttpMethod method = HttpMethod::kGet;
+  std::string url;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> headers;

Review Comment:
   This loses one bit of behavior that Java's `HTTPHeaders` keeps: repeated 
headers. That matters for the SigV4 conflict path, where Java can preserve 
multiple values for the same name and relocate only the conflicting originals. 
With an `unordered_map`, a delegate-provided duplicate header is collapsed 
before signing, so we can't match Java's `updateRequestHeaders` behavior in 
those cases.



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