stevenzwu commented on code in PR #16160:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16160#discussion_r3314500354


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/catalog/CatalogObjectIdentifierParser.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.catalog;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.util.JsonUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Parses {@link CatalogObjectIdentifier} from its JSON representation used by 
the REST catalog.
+ *
+ * <p>{@code CatalogObjectIdentifier.of("accounting", "tax", "paid")} 
serializes to {@code
+ * ["accounting", "tax", "paid"]}.
+ */
+public class CatalogObjectIdentifierParser {
+
+  private CatalogObjectIdentifierParser() {}
+
+  public static String toJson(CatalogObjectIdentifier identifier) {
+    return toJson(identifier, false);
+  }
+
+  public static String toJson(CatalogObjectIdentifier identifier, boolean 
pretty) {
+    return JsonUtil.generate(gen -> toJson(identifier, gen), pretty);
+  }
+
+  public static void toJson(CatalogObjectIdentifier identifier, JsonGenerator 
generator)
+      throws IOException {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(null != identifier, "Invalid catalog object 
identifier: null");
+    generator.writeArray(identifier.levels(), 0, identifier.length());
+  }
+
+  public static CatalogObjectIdentifier fromJson(String json) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        json != null, "Cannot parse catalog object identifier from invalid 
JSON: null");
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        !json.isEmpty(), "Cannot parse catalog object identifier from invalid 
JSON: ''");
+    return JsonUtil.parse(json, CatalogObjectIdentifierParser::fromJson);
+  }
+
+  public static CatalogObjectIdentifier fromJson(JsonNode node) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        node != null && !node.isNull() && node.isArray(),
+        "Cannot parse missing or non-array catalog object identifier: %s",
+        node);
+    String[] levels = new String[node.size()];
+    for (int i = 0; i < node.size(); i++) {
+      JsonNode element = node.get(i);
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          element.isTextual(),

Review Comment:
   Follow-up: [#16586](https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16586) adds the 
equivalent `isTextual` validation inside `JsonUtil.getStringArray` (already 
used by `RESTSerializers.NamespaceDeserializer`). This manual loop will be 
reverted to `JsonUtil.getStringArray(node)` once that PR merges.



##########
api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/catalog/CatalogObjectIdentifier.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.catalog;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * A reference to a catalog object as an ordered list of hierarchical levels 
(for example, a table,
+ * view, or namespace). The kind of object is determined by context — the 
endpoint or a companion
+ * type discriminator — not by the identifier structure alone.
+ *
+ * <p>Mirrors {@link Namespace} structurally; the distinct name signals "any 
object within a
+ * catalog" and avoids confusion with a future top-level catalog name.
+ */
+public class CatalogObjectIdentifier {
+  private static final Joiner DOT = Joiner.on('.');
+  private static final Predicate<String> CONTAINS_NULL_CHARACTER =
+      Pattern.compile("\u0000", Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS).asPredicate();
+
+  public static CatalogObjectIdentifier of(String... levels) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        null != levels, "Cannot create catalog object identifier from null 
array");
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        levels.length > 0, "Cannot create catalog object identifier with no 
levels");

Review Comment:
   Follow-up: [#16587](https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16587) adds 
`minItems: 1` to the OpenAPI schema to match this check. An identifier with 
zero levels references no object, so it has no meaningful interpretation — 
unlike `Namespace`, where the empty array is the catalog root.



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