anoopj commented on code in PR #18585:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/18585#discussion_r4329028380


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1011,12 +1012,24 @@ For example, stats for an optional `geometry` field 
named `location` with field-
   10_804: optional long value_count;
   10_805: optional long null_value_count;
   10_807: optional long total_bytes;
-  // tight_bounds and nan_value_count are omitted for geo types
+  // nan_value_count is omitted for geo types
 }
 ```
 
 For `variant`, both bounds are unshredded `variant` that store variant field 
bounds by normalized JSON paths as field names. See [Bounds for 
Variant](#bounds-for-variant) for details on producing these bounds.
 
+###### Stats Tightness
+
+Statistics are *tight* when the bounds, `null_value_count`, and 
`nan_value_count` are exact for the live rows of a file:
+
+* Bounds are the minimum and maximum of the live values. Bounds for `string` 
and `binary` are never tight because they may be truncated when written, and 
bounds for `geometry` and `geography` are a bounding box, not exact minimum and 
maximum values.
+* `variant` bounds are stored per leaf field and are optional; a leaf field 
may have no bound, but any bound that is present is exact.
+* `null_value_count` and `nan_value_count` are the counts across the live 
rows. A `variant` value is null only when the variant itself is null; a 
non-null variant that encodes a variant null is not counted as a null value.

Review Comment:
   Done. Variant is it's own paragraph. 



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