samredai commented on a change in pull request #4262:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/4262#discussion_r821105290



##########
File path: python/src/iceberg/expression/literals.py
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+import datetime
+import sys
+import uuid
+from decimal import ROUND_HALF_UP, Decimal
+from functools import singledispatch
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from functools import singledispatchmethod
+else:
+    from singledispatch import singledispatchmethod
+
+import pytz
+
+from iceberg.types import (
+    BinaryType,
+    BooleanType,
+    DateType,
+    DecimalType,
+    DoubleType,
+    FixedType,
+    FloatType,
+    IntegerType,
+    LongType,
+    Singleton,
+    StringType,
+    TimestampType,
+    TimestamptzType,
+    TimeType,
+    UUIDType,
+)
+
+JAVA_MAX_INT = 2147483647
+JAVA_MIN_INT = -2147483648
+JAVA_MAX_FLOAT = 3.4028235e38
+JAVA_MIN_FLOAT = -3.4028235e38
+EPOCH = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(0)
+EPOCH_DAY = EPOCH.date()
+
+"""
+Iceberg literal is wrapper class used in expressions, which return unbound 
predicates
+It's being organized as below
+Literal
+|-- AboveMax
+|-- BelowMin
+|-- BaseLiteral
+    |-- StringLiteral
+    |-- FixedLiteral
+    |-- BinaryLiteral
+    |-- ComparableLiteral
+        |-- BooleanLiteral
+        |-- IntegerLiteral
+        |-- LongLiteral
+        |-- FloatLiteral
+        |-- DoubleLiteral
+        |-- DateLiteral
+        |-- TimeLiteral
+        |-- TimestampLiteral
+        |-- DecimalLiteral
+        |-- UUIDLiteral
+"""
+
+
+class Literal:
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def to_byte_buffer(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+@singledispatch
+def of(value):
+    """
+    A generic Literal factory to construct an iceberg Literal based on python 
primitive data type
+    using dynamic overloading
+
+    Args:
+        value(python primitive type): the value to be associated with literal
+
+    Example:
+        import iceberg.expressions.literals
+        >>> iceberg.expressions.literals.of(1)
+        IntegerLiteral(1)
+    """
+    raise TypeError(f"Unimplemented Type Literal for value: {value}")
+
+
[email protected](bool)
+def _of(value):
+    return BooleanLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected](int)
+def _(value):
+    """
+    Upgrade to long if python int is outside the JAVA_MIN_INT and JAVA_MAX_INT
+    """
+    if value < JAVA_MIN_INT or value > JAVA_MAX_INT:
+        return LongLiteral(value)
+    return IntegerLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected](float)
+def _(value):
+    """
+    Upgrade to double if python float is outside the JAVA_MIN_FLOAT and 
JAVA_MAX_FLOAT
+    """
+    if value < JAVA_MIN_FLOAT or value > JAVA_MAX_FLOAT:
+        return DoubleLiteral(value)
+    return FloatLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected](str)
+def _(value):
+    return StringLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected](uuid.UUID)
+def _(value):
+    return UUIDLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected](bytes)
+def _(value):
+    return FixedLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected](bytearray)
+def _(value):
+    return BinaryLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected](Decimal)
+def _(value):
+    return DecimalLiteral(value)
+
+
+class BaseLiteral(Literal):
+    """Base literal which has a value and can be converted between types"""
+
+    def __init__(self, repr_string: str, value):
+        self._repr_string = repr_string
+        self.value = value
+        self.byte_buffer = None
+
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if id(self) == id(other):
+            return True
+        elif other is None or not isinstance(other, BaseLiteral):
+            return False
+
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._repr_string
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    def to_byte_buffer(self):
+        if self.byte_buffer is None:
+            # TODO need byte buffer conversion
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+
+        return self.byte_buffer
+
+
+class ComparableLiteral(BaseLiteral):
+    def __init__(self, repr_string: str, value):
+        super(ComparableLiteral, self).__init__(repr_string, value)
+
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if self.value is None:
+            return True
+
+        if other is None or other.value is None:
+            return False
+
+        return self.value < other.value
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if self.value is None:
+            return False
+
+        if other is None or other.value is None:
+            return True
+
+        return self.value > other.value
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if self.value is None:
+            return True
+
+        if other is None or other.value is None:
+            return False
+
+        return self.value <= other.value
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if self.value is None:
+            return False
+
+        if other is None or other.value is None:
+            return True
+
+        return self.value >= other.value
+
+
+class AboveMax(Literal, Singleton):
+    _instance = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._initialized = True
+        super(AboveMax, self).__init__()
+
+    def value(self):
+        raise RuntimeError("AboveMax has no value")
+
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        raise RuntimeError("Cannot change the type of AboveMax")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "aboveMax"
+
+
+class BelowMin(Literal, Singleton):
+    _instance = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._initialized = True
+        super(BelowMin, self).__init__()
+
+    def value(self):
+        raise RuntimeError("BelowMin has no value")
+
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        raise RuntimeError("Cannot change the type of BelowMin")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "belowMin"
+
+
+class BooleanLiteral(ComparableLiteral):
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        super(BooleanLiteral, self).__init__(f"BooleanLiteral({value})", value)
+
+    @singledispatchmethod
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        return None
+
+    @to.register(BooleanType)
+    def boolean_literal_to(self, type_var):

Review comment:
       Just for consistency I would make name this `_` as well.




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